Search results for "PULMONARY"
showing 10 items of 3030 documents
Sex differences in obstructive sleep apnoea.
2019
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) have long been considered predominantly male-related conditions. The clinical presentation of sleep disordered breathing in females differs from males and can vary with age and physiological status,e.g.menopause and pregnancy. Overall, females appear to be more symptomatic, with lower apnoea–hypopnoea index scores compared to males. Furthermore, they appear to have more prolonged partial upper airway obstruction, and may report insomnia as a symptom of OSAHS more frequently. As a consequence of these differences in clinical presentation, females with sleep disordered breathing are often underdiagnosed and…
Sleep HERMES: a European training project for respiratory sleep medicine
2011
The clinical characterisation and description of the obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) and related syndromes have been revealed by several epidemiological studies conducted in the late 20th and 21st centuries. These highly prevalent syndromes affect about 9% of middle-aged males and 4% of females. These syndromes have serious medical and social consequences, such as cardiovascular or metabolic diseases and even premature death. Consequently, respiratory sleep medicine has evolved and progressed rapidly within the sleep medicine field over the last decades. New diagnostic and therapeutic techniques appeared in response to an increasing number of patients and clinical interv…
Tracheostomy in patients with long-term mechanical ventilation: a survey.
2010
Summary Background Tracheostomy is increasingly performed in intensive care units (ICU), with many patients transferred to respiratory ICU (RICU). Indications/timing for closing tracheostomy are discussed. Aim and Method We report results of a one-year survey evaluating: 1) clinical characteristics, types of tracheostomy, complications in patients admitted to Italian RICU in 2006; 2) clinical criteria and systems for performing decannulation, and outcome of patients undergoing tracheostomy (number decannulated; number non-decannulated/non-ventilated; number non-decannulated/ventilated; dead/lost patients). Results 22/32 RICUs replied. There were 846 admissions of 719 patients (Mean age 64,3…
Arterial Stiffness is Associated With Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity Levels in Post-Myocardial Infarction Patients.
2019
Arterial stiffness has shown independent predictive value for all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities, as well as fatal and nonfatal coronary events. Physical activity (PA) is associated with reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The study aims to analyze the cross-sectional association of arterial stiffness with objectively measured PA in patients following acute myocardial infarction.One hundred patients were consecutively recruited after experiencing an acute myocardial infarction. Central arterial stiffness was measured through carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) and daily PA was assessed objectively during 7 consecutive days with accelerometers. To be valid, data re…
Potential of non-invasive breath tests for preselecting individuals for invasive gastric cancer screening endoscopy.
2018
Background. Regular screening for gastric cancer (GC) is based on invasive upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and is limited to few high-incidence countries. As GC is a major cause of cancer death worldwide, a non-invasive, simple screening test is of value. We assessed the prevalence of preclinical GC and the corresponding numbers needed to screen (NNS) to detect GC cases both without and with preselection using breath tests from the literature in various populations. Methods. Using age- and sex-specific GC incidence data and rates of transition from preclinical to clinical GC, we estimated the prevalences of preclinical GC worldwide in populations aged 50–74 years, and we evaluated the accu…
Direct effect of cigarette smoke on human pulmonary artery tension.
2010
The effect of chronic cigarette smoke on pulmonary artery (PA) tension has been studied extensively; nevertheless, the direct effect of cigarette smoke is poorly understood. We investigated the direct effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on PA tension in non-smokers, smokers, and COPD patients in vitro. PA samples from 35 patients who underwent lung resection were examined by measuring isometric tension in response to increasing serotonin concentrations. CSE dose dependently inhibited the response to serotonin in smokers and COPD patients, and to a lesser extent in non-smokers. CSE-induced relaxation was similarly inhibited by the nonspecific nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor l-NOARG…
Minimum cause--maximum effect: the travelogue of a bullet.
2010
This case report involves a 57-year-old male, accidentally shot in the chest with a small bore firearm. The bullet entered the left hemithorax, disrupting the left internal mammarian artery. It then penetrated the anterior wall of the right ventricle causing a pericardial tamponade. After leaving the base of the right heart it perforated the diaphragm, the liver, the spleen and the pancreas. Finally, it penetrated the abdominal aorta 3 cm proximally to the coeliac trunk and reached its final position paravertebrally. This case report illustrates that the management of even minimum gunshot wounds requires a maximum variety of surgical skills. Keywords: Thoracoabdominal injury; Shotgun wound;…
Change from Hybrid to Fully Minimally Invasive and Robotic Esophagectomy is Possible without Compromises.
2018
Background The incidence of esophageal carcinoma is increasing in the western world, and esophageal resection is the essential therapy. Several studies report advantages of minimally invasive esophagectomies (MIEs) versus conventional open procedures (OPs). The benefits of the use of fully MIE or robot-assisted MIE (RAMIE) compared with the hybrid approaches (laparoscopic gastric preparation and open transthoracic esophagectomy) remain unclear. Methods Between July 2015 and August 2017, the data of 75 patients with esophageal carcinoma were prospectively registered. Of the 75 patients, 25 treated with a hybrid MIE (hybrid), 25 with total MIE (MIE), and 25 with RAMIE. All patients were oper…
Strategies for endovascular aortic repair in aortobronchial and aortoesophageal fistulas.
2013
Objective To report our experience of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for acute bleeding originating from the thoracic aorta in patients with aortobronchial fistula (ABF) or aortoesophageal fistula (AEF). Patients and Methods A total of nine patients (three woman) were treated from September 1995 to March 2012 by TEVAR for ABF (n = 5) and AEF (n = 4). The implants (N = 14) were introduced with fluoroscopic guidance via the aorta (n = 1), the iliac (n = 2), or femoral (n = 11) artery, respectively. Results All aortic lesions could be sealed successfully. Perioperative morbidity was 0% in the ABF group and 50% (2 of 4) in the AEF group and no procedure-related morbidity was noted …
Effects Of Whole Body Vibration In Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - A Randomized Controlled Trial
2012
Summary Introduction To date endurance and strength training are established and evidence-based exercise methods in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There is an unmet need for further research in new and complementary exercise modalities. Additional whole body vibration training during pulmonary rehabilitation may be such a new approach that has not yet been investigated in patients with COPD. Methods Eighty-two patients (65 ± 9 yrs, FEV 1 pred. 38 ± 11%, female 51%) with COPD in GOLD stage III to IV assessed for a 3-week inpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation program were on top randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups: (1) 3 × 3 min of bilateral d…