Search results for "PULMONARY"

Acute respiratory distress syndrome in traumatic brain injury: how do we manage it?

2017

Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. TBI patients frequently suffer from lung complications and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Moreover, the association between TBI and ARDS in trauma patients is well recognized. Mechanical ventilation of patients with a concomitance of acute brain injury and lung injury can present significant challenges. Frequently, guidelines recommending management strategies for patients with traumatic brain injuries come into conflict with what is now considered best ventilator practice. In this review, we will explore the strategies of the best …

Lung Ultrasound for Daily Monitoring and Management of ARDS Patients

2019

Exercise ECG Testing and Stress Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for Risk Prediction in Patients With Chronic Coronary Syndrome

2021

Vasodilator stress cardiac magnetic resonance (VS-CMR) has become crucial in the workup of patients with known or suspected chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). Whether traditional exercise ECG testing (ExECG) contributes prognostic information beyond VS-CMR is unclear.We retrospectively included 288 patients with known or suspected CCS who had undergone ExECG and subsequent VS-CMR in our institution. Clinical, ExECG, and VS-CMR variables were recorded. We defined the serious adverse events (SAE) as a combined endpoint of acute coronary syndrome, admission for heart failure, or all-cause death.During a mean follow-up of 4.2 ± 2.15 yr, we registered 27 SAE (15 admissions for acute coronary syndr…

A simple noninvasive pressure–time index at the mouth to measure respiratory load during acute exacerbation of COPD A comparison with normal voluntee…

2003

We assessed the validity of the pressure-time index (PTI) measured at the mouth as a noninvasive and simplified alternative to conventional tension-time index for assessing respiratory load and inspiratory muscle force reserve. PTI was measured within 48 h of hospital admission and at 24 h before discharge in 37 consecutive patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using the equation PTI = (P(awo)/MIP)(T(I)/T(T)) 100, where P(awo) is the mean airway pressure measured at the mouth, MIP the maximal inspiratory pressure, and T(I)/T(T) the inspiratory time (T(I)) to total cycle length (T(T)) ratio. Controls were 30 normal volunteers with similar anthropome…

Comparative bench study evaluation of different infant interfaces for non-invasive ventilation

2018

Abstract Background To compare, in terms of patient-ventilator interaction and performance, a new nasal mask (Respireo, AirLiquide, FR) with the Endotracheal tube (ET) and a commonly used nasal mask (FPM, Fisher and Paykel, NZ) for delivering Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) in an infant model of Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF). Methods An active test lung (ASL 5000) connected to an infant mannequin through 3 different interfaces (Respireo, ET and FPM), was ventilated with a standard ICU ventilator set in PSV. The test lung was set to simulate a 5.5 kg infant with ARF, breathing at 50 and 60 breaths/min). Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) mode was not used and the leaks were nearly zero. Res…

Effectiveness and safety of concurrent beta-blockers and inhaled bronchodilators in COPD with cardiovascular comorbidities

2017

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most common chronic respiratory disease and its prevalence is increasing worldwide, in both industrialised and developing countries. Its prevalence is ∼5% in the general population and it is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. COPD is strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases; in fact, ∼64% of people suffering from COPD are treated for a concomitant cardiovascular disease and approximately one in three COPD patients die as a consequence of cardiovascular diseases.Inhaled bronchodilators might have adverse cardiovascular effects, including ischaemic events and arrhythmias, and beta-blockers might adversely influence the resp…

The mutual relationship between heart failure and atrial fibrillation

2020

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) are evolving epidemies, together responsible for substantial human suffering and health-care expenditure. The simultaneous co-hexistence of the two conditions is associated with mortality rates higher than those observed in individuals with only one or none of them. Patients with concomitant HF and AF suffer from even worse symptoms and poorer prognosis, yet evidence-based evaluation and management of this group of patients is lacking. In this review, we evaluate the common mechanisms for the development of AF in HF patients and vice versa, focusing on the evidence for potential treatment strategies. Recent data have suggested that these patie…

The use of omalizumab in the treatment of severe allergic asthma: A clinical experience update.

2009

SummarySevere persistent asthma causes a substantial morbidity and mortality burden and is frequently inadequately controlled despite intensive guideline-based therapy. Targeting allergic inflammatory processes that underlie the pathogenesis of severe persistent asthma improves asthma control in a significant proportion of patients. Omalizumab, a humanized monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody, has been developed to target IgE, which is central to triggering and maintaining allergic airway inflammation. In a comprehensive program of clinical trials, omalizumab has been shown to reduce asthma exacerbation and emergency visit rates, and to improve quality of life in patients with se…

Audiological Investigation of Otitis Media in Children with Atopy

2011

Otitis media (OM) describes an inflammatory process within the middle ear space that is generally associated with accumulation of fluid and that may lead to hearing loss, learning difficulties, and delays in language development. The pathogenesis of OM is multifactorial, involving the adaptive and native immune system, eustachian tube dysfunction, viral and bacterial load, and genetic and environmental factors. The involvement of IgE-mediated allergic reactions in the pathogenesis of OM has been suggested by clinical observations of a high prevalence of OM among patients with allergies. Evidence from studies involving tympanometric measurements, audiometric measurements, and otoscopic exami…

Circulating haemopoietic and endothelial progenitor cells are decreased in COPD

2006

Circulating CD34+ cells are haemopoietic progenitors that may play a role in tissue repair. No data are available on circulating progenitors in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Circulating CD34+ cells were studied in 18 patients with moderate-to-severe COPD (age: mean+/-sd 68+/-8 yrs; forced expiratory volume in one second: 48+/-12% predicted) and 12 controls, at rest and after endurance exercise. Plasma concentrations of haematopoietic growth factors (FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) ligand, kit ligand), markers of hypoxia (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)) and stimulators of angiogenesis (VEGF, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)) and markers of systemic inflammation (tu…