Search results for "Pact"

El desafío del cambio climático en el Derecho Internacional y Europeo

2022

El cambio climático es uno de los mayores retos de nuestro tiempo. Negar su evidencia es casi tan intrépido como negar la evolución de la Humanidad. A lo largo de los siglos, nuestro planeta ha experimentado variaciones recurrentes en el clima, algunas más virulentas que otras, pero todas como consecuencia de la propia naturaleza del Planeta. Sin embargo, desde hace aproximadamente 12.000 años, la Tierra vive un periodo de relativo equilibrio climático. Este periodo interglaciar más estable se conoce entre la comunidad científica como «el Holoceno». Sin embargo, desde hace un par de siglos el Planeta atraviesa una fase de cambio climático y aumento de la temperatura sin precedentes. Por lo …

Evaluación de políticas y dación de cuentas, requisitos para una adecuada gobernabilidad territorial a partir de una nueva planificación; combinando …

2014

Una adecuada gobernabilidad del territorio es un factor clave para lograr un desarrollo justo, democrático y en dignidad. Para ello se consideran elementos decisivos la reinterpretación de la labor de gobierno, con renovadas prácticas de gobernanza más democrática y participada, la incorporación del territorio en la agenda política y la recuperación del espacio de vida en aplicación y desarrollo del principio de subsidiariedad. Muchas de estas cuestiones forman parte del acervo común y representan un potencial y atractivo campo de desarrollo profesional de la geografía. El texto analiza las relaciones entre gobierno, gobernanza y gobernabilidad, tendiendo puentes entre geografía y política,…

Quality of environmental impact assessment in Finland

2014

2017

Abstract. Remote sensing of the gaseous composition of non-eruptive, passively degassing volcanic plumes can be a tool to gain insight into volcano interior processes. Here, we report on a field study in September 2015 that demonstrates the feasibility of remotely measuring the volcanic enhancements of carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen fluoride (HF), hydrogen chloride (HCl), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and bromine monoxide (BrO) in the downwind plume of Mt. Etna using portable and rugged spectroscopic instrumentation. To this end, we operated the Fourier transform spectrometer EM27/SUN for the shortwave-infrared (SWIR) spectral range together with a co-mounted UV spectrometer on a mobile platform in…

The fumarolic CO2 output from Pico do Fogo volcano (Cape Verde)

2020

The Pico do Fogo volcano, in the Cape Verde Archipelago off the western coasts of Africa, has been the most active volcano in the Macaronesia region in the Central Atlantic, with at least 27 eruptions during the last 500 years. Between eruptions fumarolic activity has been persisting in its summit crater, but limited information exists for the chemistry and output of these gas emissions. Here, we use the results acquired during a field survey in February 2019 to quantify the quiescent summit fumaroles' volatile output for the first time. By combining measurements of the fumarole compositions (using both a portable Multi-GAS and direct sampling of the hottest fumarole) and of the SO2 flux (u…

Terminal Strombolian activity at Etna’s central craters during summer 2012: The most CO<sub>2</sub>-rich volcanic gas ever recorded at Mo…

2016

Spatially resolved SO2 flux emissions from Mt Etna

2016

We report on a systematic record of SO2 flux emissions from individual vents of Etna volcano (Sicily), which we obtained using a permanent UV camera network. Observations were carried out in summer 2014, a period encompassing two eruptive episodes of the New South East Crater (NSEC) and a fissure-fed eruption in the upper Valle del Bove. We demonstrate that our vent-resolved SO2 flux time series allow capturing shifts in activity from one vent to another and contribute to our understanding of Etna's shallow plumbing system structure. We find that the fissure eruption contributed ~50,000 t of SO2 or ~30% of the SO2 emitted by the volcano during the 5 July to 10 August eruptive interval. Acti…

Hydrothermal buffering of the SO2/H2S ratio in volcanic gases: Evidence from La Fossa Crater fumarolic field, Vulcano Island

2006

[1] Sulfur speciation in volcanic gases is a potentially valuable tracer of degassing processes at volcanoes. Hitherto, observations of sulfur speciation in volcanic gas plumes have however been limited both in number and quality. Here, we report on periodic measurements of SO2 to H2S proportions in the volcanic gases from La Fossa volcano (Vulcano Island) performed during 2004–2006, a period which encompasses two heating events of the fumarolic field in January–April 2005 and December 2005. Results indicate a systematic relative increase (by a factor of 2–6) of SO2 to H2S proportions in the fumaroles during the heating events, which we ascribe to a temperature increase in the mixing zone b…

Chemical mapping of a fumarolic field: La Fossa Crater, Vulcano Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy)

2005

[1] The performance of a newly-developed portable gas analyzer, capable of real-time measurement of CO2, SO2 and H2S concentrations in volcanic gases, was tested at La Fossa Crater, Vulcano Island. The gas analyzer was used to acquire about 3000 determinations over the fumarolic field, allowing the definition of its chemical structure and heterogeneity. Our high-resolution analysis reveals that, in December 2004, the La Fossa fumarolic field was characterized by an oxidized inner core (SO2/H2S ratios of ∼3), and by more reducing conditions on its northern edge (SO2/H2S ratios of ∼1; range: 0.2–3.3). CO2/(SO2+H2S) molar ratios averaged 35 ± 21, with overlapping compositions for rim and inner…

Unmanned aerial vehicle measurements of volcanic carbon dioxide fluxes

2008

[i] We report the first measurements of volcanic gases with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The data were collected at La Fossa crater, Vulcano, Italy, during April 2007, with a helicopter UAV of 3 kg payload, carrying an ultraviolet spectrometer for remotely sensing the SO 2 flux (8.5 Mg d- 1 ), and an infrared spectrometer, and electrochemical sensor assembly for measuring the plume CO 2 /SO 2 ratio; by multiplying these data we compute a CO 2 flux of 170 Mg d -1 . Given the deeper exsolution of carbon dioxide from magma, and its lower solubility in hydro-thermal systems, relative to SO 2 , the ability to remotely measure CO 2 fluxes is significant, with promise to provide more profound…