Search results for "Pain measurement"

Treatment strategies for cancer patients with breakthrough pain.

2009

Breakthrough pain (BTP) is a transitory flare of pain superimposed on an otherwise stable pain pattern in patients treated with opioids. It is normally severe in intensity, has a rapid onset, has a variable duration (on average 30 min) and is considered a negative prognostic factor. OBJECTIVE: To verify the data in the literature about therapy strategies for BTP in cancer patients. METHODS: To find clinical trials investigating drug therapy for BTP. CONCLUSION: The treatment of BTP in cancer patients receiving opioids is principally based on the use of opioids, preferentially with a short onset. Fentanyl delivered by recently developed systems seems to be the best option to cover the tempor…

Randomized Prospective Study in Patients With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome of the Upper Limb With High-Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation (10-kHz) a…

2021

Objective The objective of this prospective randomized study of cases and controls was to evaluate the efficacy of treatment with low-frequency spinal cord stimulation (LF-SCS) and 10 kHz spinal cord stimulation (10-kHz SCS) in patients diagnosed with complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS) with upper limb involvement. Materials and methods Fifty patients were randomized to receive conventional treatment or SCS with a commercially available low-frequency or 10-kHz system. Patients were assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. The primary endpoint was at 12-months post permanent implantation of the SCS devices. Outcome measures assessed included: Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), 12-Item Short-F…

Vibroacoustic treatment to improve functioning and ability to work: a multidisciplinary approach to chronic pain rehabilitation

2019

Purpose: To study the use of Vibroacoustic treatment and an added self-care intervention for improving the functioning and ability to work of patients with chronic pain and potential comorbid depressive and anxious symptoms.Materials and methods: A mixed methods study with four single cases. Participants received bi-weekly Vibroacoustic practitioner-led treatment sessions for five weeks, followed by a one-month washout period without treatments. Then, participants conducted four self-care vibroacoustic sessions per week for five weeks, followed by another month-long washout period. Participants kept diaries of their experiences during this time. Quantitative scales included the World Health…

Photobiomodulation therapy for the management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis in children : clinical effectiveness and parental satisfaction

2020

Background This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the treatment of minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis (MiRAS) in children, in terms of pain relief, lesion size reduction and the parental satisfaction of the therapy. Material and Methods This randomized controlled study was carried out on 60 children with clinical diagnosis of MiRAS. Patients were randomized into two groups: group A receiving laser therapy and group B receiving sham therapy (placebo). Laser therapy (diode laser, λ: 645 nm) was administered on day 1 (T0) for three consecutive days. Patients were evaluated also on day 4 (T1), on day 7 (T2) and on day 10 (T3). Oral aphthous le…

Neuropathic pain in cancer: systematic review, performance of screening tools and analysis of symptom profiles.

2017

Background The objectives of this study were to evaluate the methodological quality of rigorous neuropathic pain assessment tools in applicable clinical studies, and determine the performance of screening tools for identifying neuropathic pain in patients with cancer. Methods Systematic literature search identified studies reporting use of Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS), Douleur Neuropathique en 4 (DN4) or painDETECT (PDQ) in cancer patients with a clinical diagnosis of neuropathic or not neuropathic pain. Individual patient data were requested to examine descriptor item profiles. Results Six studies recruited a total of 2301 cancer patients of which 1564 (68%) r…

The Development of a Multidisciplinary Spine Center: A New Shared Approach for Pain Care

2017

Available Instruments to Assess Pain in Infants

2021

Pain assessment in newborns and infants is challenging for clinicians. Although behavioral and behavioral-physiological scales are validated pain assessment instruments, their use in this age group has significant limitations. In this review, we summarize the methods currently available for assessing pain in neonates and infants. It is possible that these pain detection methods are also useful for assessing the quality of anesthesia and analgosedation in these populations. Further research should be aimed at confirming the usefulness of these tools in infants and identifying additional pain assessment options for clinical practice.

Fibromyalgia and arthritides

2012

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome that affects at least 2% of the adult population. It is characterised by widespread pain, fatigue, sleep alterations and distress, and emerging evidence suggests a central nervous system (CNS) malfunction that increases pain transmission and perception. FM is often associated with other diseases that act as confounding and aggravating factors, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritides (SpA), osteoarthritis (OA) and thyroid disease. Mechanism-based FM management should consider both peripheral and central pain, including effects due to cerebral input and that come from the descending inhibitory pathways. Rheumatologists should be able…

Exercise therapy for chronic musculoskeletal pain: Innovation by altering pain memories.

2015

Even though nociceptive pathology has often long subsided, the brain of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain has typically acquired a protective (movement-related) pain memory. Exercise therapy for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain is often hampered by such pain memories. Here the authors explain how musculoskeletal therapists can alter pain memories in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain, by integrating pain neuroscience education with exercise interventions. The latter includes applying graded exposure in vivo principles during exercise therapy, for targeting the brain circuitries orchestrated by the amygdala (the memory of fear centre in the brain). Before initiatin…

A pyrroloquinazoline derivative with anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity by dual inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase

2002

Abstract In a previous study, we reported a new pyrroloquinazoline derivative, 3-(4′-acetoxy-3′,5′-dimethoxy)benzylidene-1,2-dihydropyrrolo[2,1- b ]quinazoline-9-one (PQ), which inhibited human purified 5-lipoxygenase activity and prostaglandin E 2 release in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In the present work, we show that PQ inhibits cyclo-oxygenase-2 activity in intact cell assays (human monocytes) and purified enzyme preparations (ovine isoenzymes) without affecting cyclo-oxygenase-1 activity. This behaviour was confirmed in vivo by using the zymosan-injected mouse air pouch model, where PQ caused a marked reduction in cell migration and leukotriene B 4 levels at 4 h, as …