Search results for "Pancreatic Disease"

GADD45α is highly expressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells and required for tumor cell viability

2005

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most common causes of cancer death in the western civilization. Recently, NF-kappaB has been shown to be activated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through constitutive activation of IkappaB kinase (IKK). Inhibition of NF-kappaB by a super-inhibitor of NF-kappaB--delta-N-IkappaBalpha--resulted in impaired proliferation and induction of apoptosis, suggesting an important role of NF-kappaB in pancreatic tumorigenesis. Downstream target genes of IkappaBalpha have not been elucidated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in detail. Using expression profiling by cDNA array analysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines stably transfected w…

In vivo reprogramming for tissue repair.

2015

Berninger and colleagues define milestones for in vivo reprogramming and discuss recent developments in reprogramming into pancreatic b-cells and neurons. Vital organs such as the pancreas and the brain lack the capacity for effective regeneration. To overcome this limitation, an emerging strategy consists of converting resident tissue-specific cells into the cell types that are lost due to disease by a process called in vivo lineage reprogramming. Here we discuss recent breakthroughs in regenerating pancreatic β-cells and neurons from various cell types, and highlight fundamental challenges that need to be overcome for the translation of in vivo lineage reprogramming into therapy.

ERCP and MRCP--when and why.

2002

Since the introduction of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the 1970s, gastroenterologists have a wide spectrum of diagnostic and therapeutic options in the biliopancreatic ductal system at their disposal. With its arrival in the 1990s, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) developed as a potent diagnostic tool in biliopancreatic pathology. Currently, MRCP is widely replacing diagnostic ERCP and thereby avoiding complications related to endoscopic technique.We summarize evidence-based data and demonstrate indications and differential indications for MRCP and ERCP in pancreatic disease. Complications related to the procedures and possible medical preventio…

Endoscopic ultrasound and early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer

2007

Incidence of pancreatic cancer has increased, but prognosis remains poor. Curative treatment is dependent on early diagnosis. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has been described as highly sensitive and accurate in staging, superior to other imaging modalities in early publications. With rapid advances in technology, other imaging techniques have reached better results. EUS still has the highest accuracy in assessing tumor size and lymph node involvement. For assessment of tumor respectability, a combination of a computed tomography (CT) scan and EUS seems to be the procedure with the highest accuracy. Promising new techniques might improve the diagnostic yield of EUS. But there are several reaso…

Secondary impairment of pancreatic function as a cause of severe malabsorption in intestinal giardiasis: A case report

1997

We report the case of a 54-year-old male patient hospitalized for diarrhea and weight loss (8 kg over the previous three months). At admission, we observed pale oral and conjunctival mucosa and peripheral edema of the lower limbs. Stool frequency was 8-10 per day. Laboratory data were as follows: hemoglobin, 11 g/dL; total proteins, 4.3 g/dL; albumin, 2 g/dL; pseudocholinesterase, 1248 U/L; triglycerides, 54 mg/dL; serum cholesterol, 102 mg/dL; calcium, 7.9 mg/dL. Fecal fat was 8.2 g/24 hr. Fecal chymotrypsin (FCT) was 2.3 U/g. A duodenal probe was performed after administration of intravenous secretin and cerulein stimulation, and a contemporaneous mucosal biopsy was taken at the ligament …

Pancreatic Extracts for the Treatment of Diabetes (1889-1914): Acomatol.

2019

Background Historical review on the early development of organotherapy for diabetes [pancreatic extracts (PE)] and its relationship with the social and political circumstances. Areas of uncertainty The diagnosis of diabetes relied only in the presence of glycosuria and cardinal symptoms. Blood glucose determinations were not regularly available, requiring large volumes for sampling. Micromethods for glycemia were developed just in the last years of the investigated period. Hypoglycemia remains undiscovered. Isolation and purification of PE were difficult tasks due to the unknown chemical structure of the antidiabetic hormone. Data sources (1) Berliner Medizinhistoriches Museum der Charite (…

Diagnostic précoce du cancer du pancréas. Mission impossible

1999

Non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease pathogenesis: a role for developmental programming and altered circadian rhythms.

2013

Objectives Emerging evidence suggests that maternal obesity (MO) predisposes offspring to obesity and the recently described non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease (NAFPD) but involved mechanisms remain unclear. Using a pathophysiologically relevant murine model, we here investigated a role for the biological clock - molecular core circadian genes (CCG) in the generation of NAFPD. Design Female C57BL6 mice were fed an obesogenic diet (OD) or standard chow (SC) for 6 weeks, prior to pregnancy and throughout gestation and lactation: resulting offspring were subsequently weaned onto either OD (Ob_Ob and Con_Ob) or standard chow (Ob_Con and Con_Con) for 6 months. Biochemical, pro-inflammatory and…

An integrated humoral and cellular response is elicited in pancreatic cancer by alpha-enolase, a novel pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma-associated an…

2009

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a fatal disease with a very poor 5-year survival rate. alpha-Enolase is a glycolytic enzyme that also acts as a surface plasminogen receptor. We find that it is overexpressed in PDAC and present on the cell surface of PDAC cell lines. The clinical correlation of its expression with tumor status has been reported for lung and hepatocellular carcinoma. We have previously demonstrated that sera from PDAC patients contain IgG autoantibodies to alpha-enolase. The present work was intended to assess the ability of alpha-enolase to induce antigen-specific T cell responses. We show that alpha-enolase-pulsed dendritic cells (DC) specifically stimulate healt…

StellaTUM: current consensus and discussion on pancreatic stellate cell research

2011

The field of pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) biology is very young, as the essential in-vitro tools to study these cells (ie, methods to isolate and culture PSC) were only developed as recently as in 1998. Nonetheless, there has been an exponential increase in research output in this field over the past decade, with numerous research groups around the world focusing their energies into elucidating the biology and function of these cells. It is now well established that PSC are responsible for producing the stromal reaction (fibrosis) of two major diseases of the pancreas—chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Despite exponentially increasing data, the methods for studying PSC remain var…