Search results for "Papaveraceae"
showing 10 items of 10 documents
Ethnobotany of the Aegadian Islands: safeguarding biocultural refugia in the Mediterranean
2021
Abstract Background The Aegadian Islands are located west of Trapani, Sicily. Once the site of bountiful tuna fisheries and fruit orchards (plums, peaches, apricots), grapevines, prickly pears, and grains, the local economy is now based on tourism, and many traditional agricultural and maritime practices have been abandoned. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the state of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) concerning the use of wild and cultivated plants and fungi for human health, food, maritime, and agricultural purposes on the islands of Levanzo, Favignana, and Marettimo and compare present-day practices with those documented in the past. Methods In-depth semi-structured interviews …
Diversification of CYCLOIDEA-like TCP genes in the basal eudicot families Fumariaceae and Papaveraceae s.str.
2006
CYCLOIDEA-like genes belong to the TCP family of transcriptional regulators and have been shown to control different aspects of shoot development in various angiosperm lineages, including flower monosymmetry in asterids and axillary meristem growth in monocots. Genes related to the CYC gene from ANTIRRHINUM show independent duplications in both asterids and rosids. However, it remains unclear to what extent this affected the evolution of flower symmetry and shoot branching in these and other eudicot lineages. Here, we show that CYC-like genes have also undergone duplications in two related Ranunculales families, Fumariaceae and Papaveraceae s.str. These families exhibit morphological divers…
EcFLO, a FLORICAULA-like gene from Eschscholzia californica is expressed during organogenesis at the vegetative shoot apex.
2003
FLORICAULA/ LEAFY-like genes were initially characterized as flower meristem identity genes. In a range of angiosperms, expression occurs also in vegetative shoot apices and developing leaves, and in some species with dissected leaves expression is perpetuated during organogenesis at the leaf marginal blastozone. The evolution of these expression patterns and associated functions is not well understood. We have isolated and characterized a FLORICAULA-like gene from California Poppy, Eschscholzia californica Cham. (Papaveraceae), a species belonging to the basal eudicot clade Ranunculales. EcFLO encodes a putative 416-amino-acid protein with highest similarity to homologous genes from Trocho…
Evolution of Leaf Morphogenesis: Evidence from Developmental and Phylogenetic Data in Papaveraceae
1999
Variation of leaf morphology in Papaveraceae s.l. (including Fumariaceae and Pteridophyllum) has previously been shown to be related to developmental differences in the direction of segmentation and in blade‐petiole differentiation. Based on ontogenetic comparisons, we here distinguish polyternate, acropetal, basipetal‐pedate, basipetal‐pinnate, and divergent modes of dissection. In addition, undissected leaves occur in some taxa. Dissection modes can be grouped in two classes on the basis of blade‐petiole differentiation. Mapping of these morphogenetic traits on an independently obtained phylogenetic reconstruction reveals a high degree of homoplasy, indicating multiple evolutionary parall…
Floral and Vegetative Morphogenesis in California Poppy (Eschscholzia californicaCham.)
2005
For studies of the evolution of development in angiosperms, early‐diverging eudicot taxa are of particular interest for comparisons with established core eudicot model plants, such as Arabidopsis. Here we provide a detailed description of shoot and floral development of the basal eudicot California poppy (Eschscholzia californica). Rosette formation in the vegetative phase is accompanied by increased leaf complexity and shoot apex size. The flowering phase is characterized by internode elongation, formation of dissected cauline leaves, terminal flowers, and basipetal inflorescence branching. For developing flowers and fruits, we have defined 14 stages according to important landmark events,…
The phylogeny of the Papaveraceae sensu lato: morphological, geographical and ecological implications
1995
On the background of the phylogeny of the Papaveraceae s.l., the evolution of the androecium and gynoecium, the geographical distribution, and the ecological differentiation of the family is discussed. An effort is made to homologize the diverse androecia of Pteridophyllum, Hypecoum, Fumariaceae and Papaveraceae s.str., and it is concluded that both the polyandrous androecium as found in the Papaveraceae s.str. and the polycarpellate gynoecium as found in Papaveraceae s. str. subfam. Papaveroideae incl. Platystemonoideae are secondary and derived from whorled oligomerous androecia and bicarpellate gynoecia, respectively. The comparative consideration of the geographical distribution, ecolog…
Systematics, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Papaver californicum and Stylomecon heterophylla (Papaveraceae)
2011
Abstract We present a detailed comparison of Papaver californicum and Stylomecon heterophylla, which earlier were found to be sister species and most closely related to Meconopsis cambrica + Papaver s.str. from western Eurasia. The two species of winter annuals differ mainly in the shape of their distal cauline leaves, coloration of petals and staminal filaments, and most notably morphology of the gynoecium and capsule, with Papaver californicum having a sessile stigmatic disc and Stylomecon heterophylla having a distinct style. They were earlier found to differ in ploidy, with chromosome numbers of 2n = 28 (Papaver californicum) and 2n = 56 (Stylomecon heterophylla). Mapped distributio…
A revision of Papaver sect. Meconidium
2010
The biennial Papaver L. sect. Meconidium Spach (Papaveraceae) is considered to contain four species: P. libanoticum Boiss. with subspp libanoticum and polychaetum (Schott & Kotschy ex Boiss.) Kadereit comb. et stat. nov., P. armeniacum (L.)DC. with subspp armeniacum, microstigmum (Boiss.) Kadereit comb. et stat. nov. and pilgerianum (Fedde) Kadereit comb. et stat. nov., P. curviscapum Nab., and P. persicum Lindl. with subspp persicum, tauricolum (Boiss.) Kadereit comb. et stat. nov. and microcarpum (Boiss.) Kadereit comb. et stat. nov. A key to species and subspecies is given, capsules and leaves of all taxa are illustrated, and distribution maps are provided.
Highly Efficient Virus-induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) in California Poppy (Eschscholzia californica): An Evaluation of VIGS as a Strategy to Obtain Fu…
2007
†Background and Aims Eschscholzia californica (California poppy) is an emerging model plant for ‘evo‐devo’ studies from the basal eudicot clade of Papaveraceae. California poppy has a relatively small genome, a short life cycle and, most importantly, it is amenable for transformation. However, since this transformation protocol is time consuming, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was evaluated as a fast method to obtain functional data for California poppy genes. †Methods Commercially available California poppy plants were infiltrated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying the tobacco rattle virus plasmids pTRV1 and pTRV2. pTRV2 contained part of the eschscholzia Phytoene Desaturase (EcP…
Comparative analysis of leaf shape development inEschscholzia californicaand other Papaveraceae-Eschscholzioideae
2011
Dissected leaves in Papaveraceae-Eschscholzioideae have an architecture frequently encountered in the basal eudicot clade Ranunculales that could represent an ancestral condition for eudicots. Developmental morphology of foliage leaves was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and focusing on primordium formation activity (primary morphogenesis) at the leaf margin. Eschscholzia californica, E. lobii, and Hunnemannia fumariaefolia had a polyternate-acropetal mode of leaf dissection. Segment formation continued around the whole leaf blade periphery. Differences in mature leaf architecture was traced to variations in regional blastozone activity and duration. Epidermal cell size meas…