Search results for "Parasite"
showing 10 items of 827 documents
The wild boar (Sus scrofa, Linnaeus, 1758) as an important reservoir host for Alaria alata in the Baltic region and potential risk of infection in hu…
2020
Abstract Alaria alata trematode is widely distributed throughout Europe and has a complex life cycle in which wild boar serve as a reservoir host. The primary aims of the present study are to establish the occurrence of A. alata mesocercariae in naturally infected wild boar in Latvia and to assess the risk for humans to acquire A. alata infection via consumption of wild boar meat. By summarizing long-term data using the Trichinella inspection method from 2014 to 2019, the overall A. alata prevalence was 8.3%, of which significantly higher A. alata prevalence was observed during the summer seasons. Additionally, 43.9% (n = 485) of wild boar were found to be infected with A. alata using Alari…
Influence of Environmental Pollution and Living Conditions on Parasite Transmission among Indigenous Ecuadorians
2022
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of environmental pollution and the living conditions of indigenous Ecuadorians on the transmission of enteroparasites in an Andean agricultural area located at high altitude. Environmental pollution was recorded after observation in each community. The parasites were identified by microscopic sediment analysis using physiological saline solution from macerated arthropods, washed vegetables, and human stools, utilizing four coproparasitological techniques (direct examination, Kato–Katz, ether concentration, and Ziehl–Neelsen). The results show that the inadequate disposal of human and animal excreta that contaminate soil and…
No uniform associations between parasite prevalence and environmental nutrients
2014
The resource quality of the host has been shown to affect parasite transmission success, prevalence, and virulence. Seasonal availability of environmental nutrients alters density and stoichiometric quality (carbon–nutrient ratios) of both producers and consumers, suggesting that nutrient availability may drive fluctuations in parasite prevalence patterns observed in nature. We examined the interactions between the population dynamics of a keystone herbivore, Daphnia, and its parasites, and their associations with water nutrient concentrations, resource quantity and quality, and other environmental variables (temperature, pH, oxygen concentration) in a small lake, using general linear model…
A contribution to the inventory of parasitic microfungi on land plants in Champsaur region (French Alps, “Parc National des Ecrins”).
2023
A preliminary investigation of the flora of parasitic microfungi on land plants is reported, focused upon the mountain and the base of the subalpine ranges, in Champsaur region, (south-western French Alps, mainly within the “Parc National des Ecrins”). Sheltered by 128 host-plant species, 182 species of microfungi have been identified. Their respective distributions, among 24 investigated localities (including four located within the Central Zone of the “Parc National des Ecrins”), are specified. Moreover, seven of these 182 microfungi do not match satisfactorily any of the consulted diagnosis in the specialized literature. Accordingly, a detailed description of the main distinctive traits …
Parasite-induced aggression and impaired contest ability in a fish host
2010
Abstract Background Success of trophically transmitted parasites depends to a great extent on their ability to manipulate their intermediate hosts in a way that makes them easier prey for target hosts. Parasite-induced behavioural changes are the most spectacular and diverse examples of manipulation. Most of the studies have been focused on individual behaviour of hosts including fish. We suggest that agonistic interactions and territoriality in fish hosts may affect their vulnerability to predators and thus the transmission efficiency of trophically transmitted parasites. The parasite Diplostomum spathaceum (Trematoda) and juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were used to study whe…
Индивидуальность поведения рыб влияет на риск заражения паразитами [Personality influences risk of parasitism in fish]
2019
Influence of fish personality on infection rate is almost not studied. In the experiments on the young-of-the-year Oncorhynchus mykiss and cercariae of a trematode Diplostomum pseudospathaceum we tested the hypothesis that infection rate differs between more and less active (“bold” and “shy”) fish. Will individual differences in infection persist upon re-infection? Fish serve as a second intermediate host for this trematode. A positive correlation was found between the results of consecutive infections. Accumulation of parasites with successive infections leads to an aggregated distribution of D. pseudospathaceum among the hosts, affecting individual fitness and polymorphism in fish populat…
Performance of Host-Races of the Fruit Fly,Tephritis conuraon a Derived Host Plant, the Cabbage ThistleCirsium oleraceum: Implications for the Origin…
2008
The thistle-infesting fruit fly Tephritis conura Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae) forms host races on the melancholy thistle, Cirsium hetewphyllum (L.) Hill (Asterales: Asteraceae) and the cabbage thistle, Cirsium olemceum (L.). Scop. Previous research indicates that the host shift occurred from C. hetewphyllum to C. oleraceum. In this paper we address whether the host shift involved physiological adaptations by studying oviposition acceptance and survival of the two host races on the derived host C. oleraceum. Performance differed significantly between host races. T. conura originating from C. oleraceum produced adults in 75% of all egg-laying trials in contrast to only 6.6% in T. conura origin…
Diplostomum spathaceum metacercarial infection and colour change in salmonid fish
2004
Colour changes in two salmonid fish, the salmon (Salmo salar) and sea trout (S. trutta), were examined in relation to infection with the trematode Diplostomum spathaceum. This parasite had no effect on the rate of colour change in these fish, although species specific differences in colour adjustment times were observed. Increasing asymmetry in parasite numbers between the right and left eye, which could lead to the retention of vision in one eye, nevertheless tended to reduce the colour change time in salmon with moderate infection (P=0.08). This first experimental attempt to examine colour changes in fish in relation to eye fluke infections provides grounds for future investigations. The …
Impaired crypsis of fish infected with a trophically transmitted parasite
2005
Trophically transmitted parasites may enhance their transmission by altering the phenotype of infected hosts to increase their vulnerability to predation by the next hosts in the life cycle. In an experimental study, we investigated whether the parasite Diplostomum spathaceum (Trematoda) alters cryptic coloration and cryptic behaviour of infected rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, so that they would be more conspicuous to avian predators. The parasite reduces the vision of fish by lodging in the eyes and inducing cataract formation, which gives it an opportunity to affect fish crypsis. We examined the effect of the parasite on the ability of fish to adjust their coloration to the environme…
Description of a new species: Dorylaimus parasiticus , a parasite of amphibians in the Iberian Peninsula (Nematoda: Dorylaimida)
1995
Dorylaimus parasiticussp. nov. (Nematoda: Dorylaimidae) si described from the digestive tract and general body cavity of Salamandra salamandra, Rana perezi, and Bufo bufo, amphibians of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain). This is the first record of a member of the Order Dorylaimida size, a thick transversely striated body cuticle with 20 to 26 longitudinal ridges.