Search results for "Paris"
showing 10 items of 1097 documents
COMPARING THE MARSHALL PLAN AND THE EUROPEAN NEXT GENERATION UE. Models and Legal Tools of International and Supernational Cooperation to Promote Eco…
2022
The article analyzes and compares the European Recovery Plan of 1948, commonly known as the Marshall Plan, for the reconstruction of Europe after the Second World War (paragraphs 2, 2.1, 2.2), and the Next Generation EU (paragraphs 3, 3.1) through the lens and methods of legal comparison and historical analysis. As the description of the law cannot ignore the historicization of the object of study, such comparison is carried out inductively, through the analysis of the legal mechanisms in their concrete attitudes and the construction of descriptive schemes of facts, having regard to the legal discipline, but also to the functional profiles and the context in which the rules are conceived. T…
Adhesion Strength Test Comparison for HVOF Nickel-Based Superalloy Powders on Steel Substrates and Layer Characterization
2018
Thermal sprayed nickel chrome powders are known as the best materials for combined wear and corrosion applications and represent a good alternative to hard chrome plating. The coating from these materials are resistant to wear abrasion, contact with hard surfaces, particle erosion, fretting and have excellent submerged saltwater corrosion resistance. The work in this paper is focused on determining the adhesion strength for nickel powders and structural characterization of the deposited layers using metallographic analysis. The adhesion strength testing was carried out in accordance with ASTM C633 procedure. During the experimental program, an investigation was also carried out for studying…
Infrared thermography-based evaluation of the elastic-plastic J-integral to correlate fatigue crack growth data of a stainless steel
2019
Abstract The elastic-plastic J-integral is adopted to correlate fatigue crack growth data of ductile metals. An analytical link is known to exist between the J-integral and the strain energy density averaged in a control volume embracing the crack tip. On the other hand, the strain energy fluctuation is the source of temperature variations close to a fatigue crack tip of a metal material; hence the possibility to measure the J-integral from infrared thermographic scanning at the crack tip is envisaged and it is the focus of this paper. It is proposed that the elastic component of the J-integral is derived from a thermoelastic stress analysis, while the plastic component of the J-integral is…
Evaluation of Residual Stresses During Fatigue Test in an FSW Joint
2008
At present, friction stir welding (FSW) represents one of the most interesting techniques in the field of welding. The process is has been implemented in industrial practice for joining aluminium alloys, while the welding of the titanium alloy and the steels is still primarily in a developmental stage.
Fatigue Crack Growth in Titanium and Aluminium Alloys under Bending
2007
The paper contains results of investigations of the crack growth in plane specimens made of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and AlCu4Mg1 aluminium alloy under cyclic bending. The tests were done on specimens with the stress concentrators being one-sided sharp notch. On the fractures there have been observed first of all transcrystalline cracks through the α phase grains for both materials.
Fatigue crack growth in 2024-T351 Friction Stir Welded Joints: longitudinal residual stresses and microstructural effects
2009
Abstract The role of longitudinal residual stress on propagation of fatigue cracks was examined in friction stir welds produced in 2024-T351 aluminum alloy. Fatigue crack growth rate was obtained through constant Δ K Iapp tests for notches at different distances from the weld centerline. Subsequently, crack growth was correlated to weld residual stress measured by the cut-compliance method. It was found that residual stresses correspond to low crack growth rates outside the weld zone during fatigue loading. Once in the weld zone, the crack growth was affected by microstructural and hardness changes. Furthermore, weld residual stresses were mechanically relieved and effects on crack propagat…
Fatigue Crack Growth Rate under Different Bending to Torsion Ratios in 10HNAP Steel
2011
The paper contains the fatigue test results of rectangular cross-section specimens made of 10HNAP steel. The specimen height to width ratio was 1.5. Bending with torsion tests were carried out for the following ratios of bending to torsional moments MaB / MaT = 0.47, 0.94, 1.87 and the loading frequency 26.5 Hz. The tests were performed in a high cycle fatigue regime for the stress ratio R = - 1 and phase shift between bending and torsion loading equal to = 0.
A methodology for the rapid characterization of Mode II delamination fatigue threshold in FRP composites
2019
Abstract A new methodology to measure the Mode II interlaminar fracture in fatigue for FRP composites is developed. The proposed methodology uses a Modified Transvers Crack Tensile (MTCT) specimen and is able to characterize the near threshold behavior in a robust, easier and significantly faster way than standard procedures. Analytical formulae, able to link the crack growth rate to the load or strain amplitudes, were found and verified, and their importance was explained, in particular, for what concerns the characterisation of the near threshold behavior. Experiments were performed both in load and strain control, while the delamination growth was monitored using different techniques inc…
Model of delamination propagation in brittle-matrix composites under cyclic loading
2001
A model of interlaminar fatigue crack growth based on damage accumulation ahead of the crack is proposed. Linear cumulative assumption is used for damage estimation, and a quadratic failure criterion is applied for complex interlaminar loading. Model parameters are determined from mode I and mode II fatigue tests, and used to predict mixed-mode delamination propagation rate. Comparison of theoretical prediction with mixed-mode test results for different brittle graphite FRP at several mode- and load ratios show reasonable agreement.
Evaluation of the effect of three innovative recyling methods on the shear bond strength of stainless steel brackets-an in vitro study
2016
Background Orthodontists are commonly faced with the decision of what to do with debonded or inaccurately positioned brackets. An economical option to this dilemma is to recycle the brackets. Many recycling methods have been proposed, but the optimal bond strength of these recycled brackets needs further evaluation. Objectives: To evaluate and compare the effect of three recycling methods: (i) Sandblasting (ii) Sandblasting / direct flaming (iii) Sandblasting /direct flaming /acid bath solution on shear bond strength (SBS) of stainless steel brackets. Material and Methods Eighty human premolars were bonded with premolar stainless steel brackets as per manufacturer’s instructions. The teeth …