Search results for "Particles"
showing 10 items of 8085 documents
Lignin and Cellulose Content of Fermented Rice Straw with Aspergillus niger (van Tieghem) and Trichoderma mutan AA1
2021
The rice straw has potential to be used as an alternative ruminant feed. However, it has limiting factors i.e low crude protein, high crude fiber, lignin, cellulose, and silica content. To overcome the limiting factors, immersion in a solution of alkaline (lime) or fermentation by using inoculum microbial cellulolytic and lignocellulolytic (Trichoderma mutan AA1 and Aspergillus niger.). The research method was experimental, with four treatments and repeated five times. Completely randomized design was used and if there are differences among treatments a further test with DMRT was carried out (level 1 % and 5 %). These treatments were T0: The rice straw without t fermentation; T1: Fermented …
Sub-milliarcsecond imaging of a bright flare and ejection event in the extragalactic jet 3C 111
2020
Context. Flares in radio-loud active galactic nuclei are thought to be associated with the injection of fresh plasma into the compact jet base. Such flares are usually strongest and appear earlier at shorter radio wavelengths. Hence, very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) at millimeter(mm)-wavelengths is the best-suited technique for studying the earliest structural changes of compact jets associated with emission flares. Aims. We study the morphological changes of the parsec-scale jet in the nearby (z = 0.049) γ-ray bright radio galaxy 3C 111 following a flare that developed into a major radio outburst in 2007. Methods. We analyse three successive observations of 3C 111 at 86 GHz with th…
The effect of nanoparticle size and NLS density on nuclear targeting in cancer and normal cells; impaired nuclear import and aberrant nanoparticle in…
2017
The cell nucleus is an interesting target in many diseases with particular interest in cancer. Previously, nuclear targeted small and large chitosan nanoparticles (S-NPs≈25nm, and L-NPs≈150nm respectively), modified with low, intermediate and high densities of NLS (L-NLS, I-NLS and H-NLS) were developed and assessed in L929 fibroblasts. However, to evade apoptosis and stimulate tumor growth cancer cells are capable of manipulating the nuclear-cytoplasmic transport on many levels, making NPs that are capable of nuclear targeting in normal cells incapable of doing so in cancer. For such reason, here, the nuclear delivery efficiency of S-NPs and L-NPs was assessed as a function of their NLS de…
Monitoring Chemical Reactions with SERS-Active Ag-Loaded Mesoporous TiO2 Films
2020
Monitoring chemical reactions that occur in small spaces or confined environments is challenging. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy offers the unique possibility to monitor spectral changes with high sensitivity and time resolution. Herein, we report the application of composite mesoporous TiO2 films loaded with Ag nanoparticles (NPs) to track in situ chemical processes in real time. In particular, the AgNPs@TiO2 system was employed to monitor two chemical reactions: one occurring on the Ag NPs surface and another taking place in the surrounding solution. In the first case, we monitored the decarboxylation reaction of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid on Ag NPs, which allowed us to…
Incorporation of dynamic boronate links and Ag nanoparticles into PVA hydrogels for pH-Regulated and prolonged release of methotrexate
2021
Abstract In this study, pH-responsive hydrogels based on PVA-boronate crosslinks were prepared via a simple route and used for controlled and targeted delivery of anticancer drug methotrexate. A double network (DN) hydrogel composed of didiol-boronate/PVA complex as the first network and PVA crystallites generated by a freeze-thaw process as the second one was developed. The swelling of PVA-boronate DN hydrogels demonstrated high sensitivity to multiple stimuli including the pH, temperature, and ionic strength of the media thanks to the dynamic boronate links in the first network. Moreover, unlike previously reported hydrogels based on the boronate linkages, the new DN hydrogels preserved t…
Enhanced Permeability and Retention-like Extravasation of Nanoparticles from the Vasculature into Tuberculosis Granulomas in Zebrafish and Mouse Mode…
2018
The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect is the only described mechanism enabling nanoparticles (NPs) flowing in blood to reach tumors by a passive targeting mechanism. Here, using the transparent zebrafish model infected with Mycobacterium marinum we show that an EPR-like process also occurs allowing different types of NPs to extravasate from the vasculature to reach granulomas that assemble during tuberculosis (TB) infection. PEGylated liposomes and other NP types cross endothelial barriers near infection sites within minutes after injection and accumulate close to granulomas. Although similar to 100 and 190 nm NPs concentrated most in granulomas, even similar to 700 nm liposo…
Graphitically encapsulated cobalt nanocrystal assemblies
2010
Graphitically encapsulated cobalt nanocrystal assemblies are chemically prepared by one-pot reaction at380 degrees C followed by a reversed etching process to produce porous graphitic structure for revealing their self-assembling nature.
Iron Oxide/Hydroxide Nanoparticles with Negatively Charged Shells Show Increased Uptake in Caco-2 Cells
2012
The absorption of commonly used ferrous iron salts from intestinal segments at neutral to slightly alkaline pH is low, mainly because soluble ferrous iron is easily oxidized to poorly soluble ferric iron and because ferrous iron, but not ferric iron, is carried by the divalent metal transporter DMT-1. Moreover, ferrous iron frequently causes gastrointestinal side effects. Iron hydroxide nanoparticles with neutral and hydrophilic carbohydrate shells are alternatively used to ferrous salts. In these formulations gastrointestinal side effects are rare because hundreds of ferric iron atoms are safely packed in nanoscaled cores surrounded by the solubilizing shell; nevertheless, iron bioavailabi…
Synthesis and preliminary in vivo evaluation of well-dispersed biomimetic nanocrystalline apatites labeled with positron emission tomographic imaging…
2015
In recent years, biomimetic synthetic apatite nanoparticles (AP-NPs), having chemical similarity with the mineral phase of bone, have attracted a great interest in nanomedicine as potential drug carriers. To evaluate the therapeutic perspectives of AP-NPs through the mechanisms of action and organs they interact with, the noninvasive monitoring of their in vivo behavior is of paramount importance. To this aim, here the feasibility to radiolabel AP-NPs ("naked" and surface-modified with citrate to reduce their aggregation) with two positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging agents ([F-18]NaF and Ga-68-NO(2)AP(BP)) was investigated. [F-18]NaF was used for the direct incorporation of the radi…
Synthesis and Characterisation of Functionalized borosilicate nanoparticles for boron neutron capture therapy applications
2012
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a promising therapy for the cure of diffuse tumors. The successful clinical application of BNCT requires finding new boron-based compounds suitable for an efficient 10B delivery to the cancerous tissues. The purpose of this work is to synthesize borosilicate nanoparticles by a sol–gel recipe, and to functionalize them with folic acid in order to promote their capture by the tumor cells. Whereas sol–gel is a promising technique for the synthesis of nanoparticles, in case of borosilicate systems this approach is affected by significant boron loss during preparation. Here we show that functionalization of borosilicate nanoparticles with folic acid can re…