Search results for "Pasture"

Functional ecology for evaluating and predicting the aptitude of permanent grassland to provide services

2013

National audience; Applying the principles of functional ecology helps better predict the services which can be provided by permanent grassland. Farming practices and environmental characteristics influence the functional composition of grassland. Functional plant types have a generic effect on forage services which can be assessed. 13 types of grassland composed of distinct functional types were defined based on 1,283 sample grassland fields located on 8 sites. This approach was validated by checking 8 Ellenberg indicator values (used to evaluate environmental characteristics and farming practices) against climatic data and descriptive data for farming practices. The interest of a function…

Les impacts du campagnol terrestre sur les systèmes fourragers : le cas de l’élevage bovin allaitant en Bourgogne

2014

EAAgroSupECOLDUR; Do vole outbreaks have the same effects on suckler beef farms in Burgundy as they do on daily farms in Auvergne and Franche-Comte? Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 19 farmers from Burgundy who had been affected by a water vole outbreak in 2011. The results indicate that, just like farmers in Auvergne and Franche-Comte, farmers in Burgundy witnessed a decrease in forage quantity and quality. Farmers used diverse measures to deal with the outbreak (e.g., avoidance strategies or the use of bromadiolone). Farmers that described water voles as pests were more likely to have used bromadiolone, while those who described water voles in morphological terms or in ter…

Gestion du pâturage au printemps en système bovin allaitant : diversité des pratiques en Saône-et-Loire

2009

National audience; Grazed grass is the cheapest forage for making meat'. In order to incite farmers to make their forage systems more self-sufficient and thrifty, the 'Chambre d'Agriculture de Saone-et-Loire' (a professional agricultural organization for that departement) has been monitoring for five years the management of spring grazing on 23 farms. The analysis of farmers' practices lead to considerations as to put to the best use the grazed grass, according to the pedo-climatic conditions and the constraints of the farms. With the aim of optimizing the pasture resources in order to limit the purchase of concentrates and to cope with the climatic hazards, the study of the management of s…

Soil, pasture and animal products quality

2013

The management of pasture, through the use of appropriate stocking rates and grazing systems, influences the feeding behaviour of the animals. The impact of animal behaviour on vegetation can be of great importance for the sustainability of pastures and mantaining their biodiversity. Indeed, a different response in terms of quality of animal products is mediated by the ability of animals to concentrate or transform grass components, according to the characteristics of the soil. The herbage ingested by animals provides them with compounds with aromatic characteristics, such as terpenes, and with functional properties beneficial for human health, such as carotenoids, vitamins, polyphenols and…

Perinnemaiseman hoito keino suojella luontoa

2018

L'abastiment municipal de cereals i carns a la vila d'Alzira i el seu terme (1370-1415): una contribució a l'estudi de les relacions ciutat-camp a la…

2017

L’abastiment municipal de cereals i carns a la vila d’Alzira i el seu terme (1370-1415): una contribució a l’estudi de les relacions ciutat-camp a la Ribera del Xúquer Salvador Vercher Lletí L’abastiment alimentari de les ciutats medievals és un tema que, en l’àmbit de la Mediterrània occidental, compta amb una certa tradició historiogràfica i una literatura que podem qualificar d’extensa, però presenta diverses asimetries en l’àmbit de la Corona d’Aragó. Primer de tot, perquè els nuclis estudiats fins ara corresponen a grans ciutats i, només excepcionalment, a viles-mercat de diferent rang. I en darrer lloc, i no pas menys important, perquè les recerques dutes a terme s’han centrat de mane…

Carbon decomposition of the topsoils and soil fractions under forest and pasture in the western Brazilian Amazon basin, Rondonia

2000

The topsoils of two sites, comprising natural forest and 4- and 20-year-old pastures, respectively, were selected in Rondonia to evaluate the changes of soil organic matter due to pasture establishment. These changes were evaluated by measuring the proportions of the C and N associated with clay and silt fractions, and by the C decomposition (CD) rate of the whole topsoils and their size fractions. The topsoils studied had large proportions of C and N associated with fine fractions, especially with clay fractions. The CD rate of the silt fractions was higher than that of the clay fractions under the two forest topsoils and under the 20-year-old pasture. The CD rate of the silt fractions und…

Organic matter dynamics and aggregation in soils under rain forest and pastures of increasing age in the eastern Amazon Basin

1997

Abstract In the eastern Amazon basin, four neighbouring clayey Oxisols with similar particle-size distributions were selected, one under rain forest and three under pasture for 7, 12 and 17 years, respectively. These soils were sampled at depth intervals of 0.1 m down to 1 m. Although no clear effect of pasture establishment on aggregate stability was assessed, significant negative effects of cattle trampling on porosity and water retention and of vegetation change on clay water-dispersion were observed in the organic-rich horizons (0–0.40 m layers). Indirect evidence of a great change of the nature of organic materials was also suggested, particularly with (i) an increase in both negative …

Changes in ewe milk fatty acids following turning out to pasture

2008

Abstract Ten Comisana dairy ewes were selected to observe time of changing in milk fatty acids as a result of switching from stall to pasture feeding. At first, ewes were subjected to a stall-feeding period of 30 days (pre-experimental phase). After which, ewes were abruptly turned out to a vetch and oats pasture as their sole feed (experimental phase). Individual milk samples were collected on experimental days 0 (the last day of stall feeding), 1–4, 8, 11, 17 and 23. Milk and feeds fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography. The sudden passage from a stall to a pasture diet significantly modified the fatty acid profile of ewe milk. Medium- and long-chain fatty acids were …

The effect of grazing history on fungal diversity in broadleaved wood pastures

2012

Traditional rural biotopes such as wood pastures are species rich habitats which have been created by extensive agriculture. In all European countries both the quality and quantity of traditional rural biotopes have drastically decreased during the past century because of increasing farming intensity. This decline is causing a threat to many species, but very little is known about the conservation ecology of fungi living in wood pastures. Considering vascular plants, it is known that sites with long management history have higher species richness compared to abandoned sites. It is also known that species richness is highest with intermediate grazing intensity. In this study I investigated i…