Search results for "Pathogen"
showing 10 items of 1657 documents
Pathogen safety of long-term treatments for bleeding disorders: still relevant to current practice
2013
Hemophilia defines a group of hereditary bleeding disorders: hemophilia A (deficiency of Factor VIII, FVIII), hemophilia B (deficiency of FIX), and para-hemophilia (deficiency of FV). These result from mutations in clotting factor genes. As in the large majority of bleeding disorders ([Table 1][1
Genetische Hämochromatose und das HFE-Gen: von der Molekulargenetik zur klinischen Diagnostik
2000
More than 90% of patients with genetic hemochromatosis carry a characteristic mutation in the HFE-gene (C282Y). HFE modulates the iron uptake by the transferrin receptor. Duodenal crypt cells of HFE-knockout mice show low intracellular iron concentrations which lead to an upregulation of the divalent metal transporter and enhanced iron uptake by duodenal enterocytes. Heterozygosity for the C282Y mutation appears to alter the course of other liver diseases like porphyria cutanea tarda and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
SULT1A1 gene deletion in BRCA2-associated male breast cancer: a link between genes and environmental exposures?
2013
SULT1A1, a member of sulfotransferase superfamily, is a drug and hormone metabolizing enzyme involved in the metabolism of a variety of potential mammary carcinogens of endogenous and exogenous origin. Interestingly, the metabolic activity of SULT1A1 can be affected by varia- tions in gene copy number. Male Breast Cancer (MBC) is a rare disease and less investigated disease compared to female BC (FBC). As in FBC, the concurrent effects of genetic risk factors, particularly BRCA2 mutations, increased exposure to estrogens and environmental carcinogens play a relevant role in MBC. By quantitative real-time PCR with TaqMan probes, we investigated the presence of SULT1A1 gene copy number variat…
Infectious Entry Pathway of Enterovirus B Species
2015
Enterovirus B species (EV-B) are responsible for a vast number of mild and serious acute infections. They are also suspected of remaining in the body, where they cause persistent infections contributing to chronic diseases such as type I diabetes. Recent studies of the infectious entry pathway of these viruses revealed remarkable similarities, including non-clathrin entry of large endosomes originating from the plasma membrane invaginations. Many cellular factors regulating the efficient entry have recently been associated with macropinocytic uptake, such as Rac1, serine/threonine p21-activated kinase (Pak1), actin, Na/H exchanger, phospholipace C (PLC) and protein kinase Cα (PKCα). Another…
Arthrinium phaeospermum , Phoma cladoniicola and Ulocladium consortiale , New Olive Pathogens in Italy
2013
In recent years, leaf necrosis and twig dieback in the olive crop have been detected in Sicily (Italy). In this article, we identify the predominant fungal species associated with symptomatic leaves and twigs, using morphological features and DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, as Alternaria alternata, Arthrinium phaeospermum, Phoma cladoniicola and Ulocladium consortiale. The pathogenicity of these four species was tested on olive plants cv. Biancolilla. All species were pathogenic on leaves, but only U. consortiale produced cortical lesions on twigs, thus suggesting its main role in the Olea europaea twig dieback. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A…
Cetacean Morbillivirus: Current Knowledge and Future Directions
2014
We review the molecular and epidemiological characteristics of cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) and the diagnosis and pathogenesis of associated disease, with six different strains detected in cetaceans worldwide. CeMV has caused epidemics with high mortality in odontocetes in Europe, the USAand Australia. It represents a distinct species within the Morbillivirusgenus. Although most CeMV strains are phylogenetically closely related, recent data indicate that morbilliviruses recovered from Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus), from Western Australia, and a Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis), from Brazil, are divergent. The signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) cell rec…
Molecular methods for the diagnosis and characterization of phytopathogenic fungi of quarantine concern or causing emerging plant diseases
2021
In the context of molecular techniques applied to Plant Pathology, this Ph.D. thesis has pursued the following major objectives: i) to develop new diagnostic protocols for fungal pathogens; ii) to study the metabolic and physiological effects determined by new and emerging fungal pathogens; iii) to contribute to develop management strategies of diseases caused by quarantine and/or emerging fungi on plant species typical of the Mediterranean region. To fulfill these objectives, the following specific studies have been developed: • “Fusarium circinatum an emergent and quarantine pathogen of pine worldwide: its detection and its interaction with Phytophthora species (P. cambivora and P. parvis…
Oral lichen planus after certolizumab pegol treatment in a patient with Crohn's disease
2011
Dear Sir , Lichen planus (LP) is a relatively uncommon inflammatory dermatosis of the mucocutaneous surfaces that can present with a variety of clinical manifestations and, most commonly, affecting middle-aged adults. The disease course may be short or chronic, although most cases may resolve after 1 month to 7 years. The real prevalence of LP is unknown, but is estimated to be 1% in the USA.1 The pathogenesis of LP is not entirely understood. In general, activated T lymphocytes are recruited to the dermal–epidermal junction and induce apoptosis in basal keratinocytes. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes are found in the lichenoid infiltrate of LP, with a predominance of the latter cell type b…
The peculiarities of genetic structure of the Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei population in Lithuania
2014
In 2010, samples of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei both in sporulation and cleistothecia were collected in Lithuania from spring barley variety ‘Dina’. Eighty monopustule isolates were tested on differentials with well-known resistance genes. Frequencies of virulence genes, virulence complexity and pathotypes were detected. Virulence frequencies showed a wide range from 0 to 90%. The clear tendency of virulence increasing for Vla in cleistothecia was observed during the growing season of the pathogen. No virulences were found against resistances, which were present in the line SI1, as well as no matching virulence was found for the resistance gene mlo in Lithuania in 2010. Wide diversity o…
Functional interactions between members of the REPAT family of insect pathogen-induced proteins
2012
Studies on the transcriptional response to pathogens in the insect larval gut have shown the regulation of several genes after the infection. Repat (REsponse to PAThogens) genes were first identified in Spodoptera exigua midgut as being up-regulated in response to the exposure to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins and baculovirus. Recently, new members of the REPAT family showed a constitutive up-regulation in a B. thuringiensis-resistant population. Based on a yeast two-hybrid screening, we have detected the interaction of REPAT1 with other members of the REPAT family, leading to the discovery of a new member: REPAT8. The functional role of this interaction was shown by following the changes of…