Search results for "Pathological"
showing 10 items of 443 documents
The Genetics of Breast Cancer
2009
Breast cancer (BC) is a complex and heterogeneous disease caused by interaction of both genetic and nongenetic risk factors. The biological diversity of sporadic BCs consists in the development of several BC subtypes, which are systematically different from one another and which present specific genetic and phenotypic features. Recently, with the advent of cDNA microarrays it has been possible to associate a distinctive “molecular portrait” to a single BC subtype and, consequently, improve BC taxonomy. From a clinical point of view, the gene expression profiles could supply the classic pathological experiment with the aim to select patients with a better prognosis and that could have a bene…
Desmin‐related Myopathies
2006
Outstanding progress in elucidating the pathology of muscular disorders at light and electron microscopic levels has allowed the identification of proteins involved in pathological alterations. This, in turn, has led to discoveries of multiple genes and mutations associated with previously poorly understood conditions. An unexpected result is that phenotypically similar and pathogenetically related neuromuscular disorders are associated with mutations in one or the other of several interacting proteins. Keywords: desmin-related myopathy; distal myopathy; cardiomyopathy; desmin and alpha-B crystallin gene mutations; functional analysis; molecular pathogenesis; genotype–phenotype correlations
Sarcopenic osteoarthritis: a new entity in geriatric medicine?
2018
Purpose: Osteoarthritis, a disease characterized by cartilage degradation, abnormal subchondral bone remodeling and some grade of inflammation, and sarcopenia, a condition of low muscle mass associated with reduced strength and function, are prevalent disorders in older adults. In this review, we examine what is known about the relationship between osteoarthritis and sarcopenia, with particular focus on the older population. We also discuss how osteoarthritis and sarcopenia may interact and affect each other in clinical progression and the potential benefits from developing treatments that address such muscular-skeletal interaction. Methods: We searched in Pubmed and Scopus through a combin…
Oxidative stress and its downstream signaling in aging eyes
2014
María Dolores Pinazo-Durán,1,* Roberto Gallego-Pinazo,2,* Jose Javier García-Medina,1,3,* Vicente Zanón-Moreno,1,4 Carlo Nucci,5 Rosa Dolz-Marco,2 Sebastián Martínez-Castillo,2 Carmen Galbis-Estrada,1 Carla Marco-Ramírez,1 Maria Isabel López-Gálvez,6,* David J Galarreta,6,* Manuel Díaz-Llópis4,*1Ophthalmic Research Unit "Santiago Grisolía", Valencia, Spain; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Macula Section, The University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain; 3Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Murcia, Spain; 4Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain; 5Uni…
Convergent and discriminative validity of the Frail-VIG index with the EQ-5D-3L in people cared for in primary health care
2021
Abstract Background The Frail-VIG frailty index has been developed recently. It is an instrument with a multidimensional approach and a pragmatic purpose that allows rapid and efficient assessment of the degree of frailty in the context of clinical practice. Our aim was to investigate the convergent and discriminative validity of the Frail-VIG frailty index with regard to EQ-5D-3L value. Methods We carried out a cross-sectional study in two Primary Health Care (PHC) centres of the Catalan Institute of Health (Institut Català de la Salut), Barcelona (Spain) from February 2017 to January 2019. Participants in the study were all people included under a home care programme during the study peri…
Epidemiology of Disease Conditions in Italy. Has Anything Changed? Environment, Professional Exposure, and Lifestyle. Is Time for Screening?
2013
Risk factors analysis in bladder cancer should consider not only the clinical and pathological features of the tumor but also environmental and lifestyle factors. They may play, in fact, a relevant role not only in the pathogenesis but also in the biological behavior of the tumor. The association between cigarette smoking and bladder cancer has been consistently confirmed in several case-control and cohort studies. The risk of bladder cancer seems to increase with duration and intensity of smoking. Another environmental risk factor, although not definitively proved, is water supply. Chlorination or water pollution by pesticides and other chemical factors is considered a relevant risk facto…
The influence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and gestational hypertension (GH) on placental morphological changes
2020
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and gestational hypertension (GH) are some of the most common medical conditions associated with pregnancy. These can be correlated with placental morphopathological changes and implicitly can influence good fetal development. The age and weight of the mother can be correlated directly proportionally with those of the fetus but also with histoarchitecture and placental vascularization. The placental appearance associated with GDM and GH reveals macroscopic features, such as calcifications, fibrin deposits and placental infarcts, but the most relevant pathological features are the microscopic ones, highlighted by the classical staining techniques: Hematoxy…
Clinical Predictors of Immunotolerance in Heart Transplantation
2010
Abstract Background and Aim The drugs routinely administered to prevent rejection often cause lethal side effects. Tolerant patients, therefore, should be identified to minimize these problems. The aim of this analysis was to identify clinical variables that may be associated with tolerance. Methods We recruited 522 heart transplants (HT), excluding combined procedures, retransplantations, pediatric recipients, and subjects who died in the first year to obtain a cohort of 375 patients. Two groups were distinguished by the presence of echocardiographic, clinical, or pathological evidence of rejection in the first year (15 echocardiograms and 10 protocol biopsies per patient); 99 tolerant pat…
Target Therapy in Platinum-Refractory/Resistant Ovarian Cancer: From Preclinical Findings to Current Clinical Practice
2013
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the sixth most common malignancy in women. Ovarian tumors consist of several clinical and pathological entities that share an anatomic site. The gold standard treatment, both in front-line and in adjuvant setting, is represented by carboplatin/paclitaxel combination. Conversely, the second-line treatment is not well defined. The response to platinum is the major prognostic factor for survival. In this review we discuss the current views on platinum-refractory/resistant patient treatment only, which includes patients progressing or relapsing within 6 months from the last platinum-based course. Concerning this subgroup, the activity of several conventional d…
Pathological voice analysis via digital signal processing
2015
The interest in pathological voice analysis for specific neurological diseases is growing up aiming to offer more Health-care tele monitoring services since new high performing electronic devices are available for the end-user. In this article we show some parameters that can be digitally extracted and analyzed from pathological voices, in order to find a distinctive sign of the Parkinson disease. As a result, we will show a parameter that gives some information about the Parkinson disease characterization, particularly for male patients. We will also discuss about the needed computational cost related to parameters extraction and elaboration, aiming to target a possible tough yet portable …