Search results for "Pathophysiology"

The stellate cell (Ito-cell, fat-storing cell, lipocyte, perisinusoidal cell) of the liver. New insights into pathophysiology of an intriguing cell.

1992

Exploring organ-specific features of fibrogenesis using murine precision-cut tissue slices

2019

Fibrosis is the hallmark of pathologic tissue remodelling in most chronic diseases. Despite advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of fibrosis, it remains uncured. Fibrogenic processes share conserved core cellular and molecular pathways across organs. In this study, we aimed to elucidate shared and organ-specific features of fibrosis using murine precision-cut tissue slices (PCTS) prepared from small intestine, liver and kidneys. PCTS displayed substantial differences in their baseline gene expression profiles: 70% of the extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes were differentially expressed across the organs. Culture for 48 h induced significant changes in ECM regulation and trig…

The relationship between asthma and allergic rhinitis: exploring the basis for a common pathophysiology

2003

Summary Most patients with asthma also have rhinitis, and the same inflammatory cells and mechanisms are present in bronchial and nasal mucosa, thus leading to the concept of ‘one airway, one disease’. This concept is further substantiated by evidence of nasal inflammation in asthma, and bronchial inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in rhinitis. Endobronchial allergen challenge induces nasal and bronchial symptoms as well as reductions in pulmonary function and nasal patency. Likewise, treating rhinitis can improve the symptoms of asthma. There are some notable pathophysiological differences between the nose and the bronchi, for example airway remodelling appears to be less extensive in th…

Low Lymphocyte Count and Cardiovascular Diseases

2011

Inflammation plays a crucial pathophysiological role in the entire continuum of the atherosclerotic process, from its initiation, progression, and plaque destabilization leading ultimately to an acute coronary event. Furthermore, once the clinical event has occurred, inflammation also influences the left ventricular remodelling process. Under the same paradigm, there is evidence that lymphocytes play an important role in the modulation of the inflammatory response at every level of the atherosclerotic process. Low lymphocyte count (LLC) is a common finding during the systemic inflammatory response, and clinical and animal studies suggest that LCC plays a putative role in accelerated atheros…

Reduced firing rates of pyramidal cells in the frontal cortex of APP/PS1 can be restored by acute treatment with levetiracetam

2020

Contains fulltext : 229488.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Contains fulltext : 229488pre.pdf (Author’s version preprint ) (Open Access) In recent years, aberrant neural oscillations in various cortical areas have emerged as a common physiological hallmark across mouse models of amyloid pathology and patients with Alzheimer's disease. However, much less is known about the underlying effect of amyloid pathology on single cell activity. Here, we used high-density silicon probe recordings from frontal cortex area of 9-month-old APP/PS1 mice to show that local field potential power in the theta and beta band is increased in transgenic animals, whereas single-cell firing rates, specifica…

Deregulation of TLR4 signaling pathway characterizes Bicuspid Aortic valve syndrome

2019

AbstractBicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease is recognized to be a syndrome with a complex and multifaceted pathophysiology. Its progression is modulated by diverse evolutionary conserved pathways, such as Notch-1 pathway. Emerging evidence is also highlighting the key role of TLR4 signaling pathway in the aortic valve pathologies and their related complications, such as sporadic ascending aorta aneurysms (AAA). Consistent with these observations, we aimed to evaluate the role of TLR4 pathway in both BAV disease and its common complication, such as AAA. To this aim, 70 subjects with BAV (M/F 50/20; mean age: 58.8 ± 14.8 years) and 70 subjects with tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) (M/F 35/35; mea…

Homocysteine Levels in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Clinical Update

2017

Background and objective Homocysteine (Hcy) is a non-protein α-amino acid, which plays several important roles in human physiology and in the central nervous system. Although Hcy has several known biological properties in one-carbon metabolism, its overproduction might be harmful, and could add to the pathophysiology associated with ASD. We reviewed the current evidence about changes in Hcy concentration in ASD and tried to correlate its changes with the clinical profile Discussion: The concentration of the amino acid in biological fluids (blood and urine) in children/ youngs with ASD is increased in the majority of studies when comparing to typically developing control subjects. Some repor…

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte integrins in deep venous thrombosis

2005

The polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) have a role in the pathophysiology of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). We examined the phenotypical expression of PMN beta2-integrins (CD l l a, CDl l b, CD 11c) in a group of 19 subjects with leg DVT. PMN cells were incubated with fluorescent monoclonal antibodies against CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, and the evaluation was made by flow cytofluorimetry. The same integrins were determined after in vitro activation with 4-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). In DVT subjects, at baseline, the phenotypical expression of CD11b was decreased and that of CD11c increased when compared with normal controls. In normal su…

Post-Mortem Immunohistochemical Evidence of β2-Adrenergic Receptor Expression in the Adrenal Gland

2019

The evidence from post-mortem biochemical studies conducted on cortisol and catecholamines suggest that analysis of the adrenal gland could provide useful information about its role in human pathophysiology and the stress response. Authors designed an immunohistochemical study on the expression of the adrenal &beta

Podoplanin discriminates distinct stromal cell populations and a novel progenitor subset in the liver

2015

Podoplanin/gp38+ stromal cells present in lymphoid organs play a central role in the formation and reorganization of the extracellular matrix and in the functional regulation of immune responses. Gp38+ cells are present during embryogenesis and in human livers of primary biliary cirrhosis. Since little is known about their function, we studied gp38+ cells during chronic liver inflammation in models of biliary and parenchymal liver fibrosis and steatohepatitis. Gp38+ cells were analyzed using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, and the expression of their steady state and inflammation-associated genes was evaluated from healthy and inflamed livers. Gp38+ cells significantly expanded in …