Search results for "Pathway"
showing 10 items of 1685 documents
Abscisic Acid Connects Phytohormone Signaling with RNA Metabolic Pathways and Promotes an Antiviral Response that Is Evaded by a Self-Controlled RNA …
2020
© 2020 The Authors.
The ER-Membrane Transport System Is Critical for Intercellular Trafficking of the NSm Movement Protein and Tomato Spotted Wilt Tospovirus.
2015
Plant viruses move through plasmodesmata to infect new cells. The plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is interconnected among cells via the ER desmotubule in the plasmodesma across the cell wall, forming a continuous ER network throughout the entire plant. This ER continuity is unique to plants and has been postulated to serve as a platform for the intercellular trafficking of macromolecules. In the present study, the contribution of the plant ER membrane transport system to the intercellular trafficking of the NSm movement protein and Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) is investigated. We showed that TSWV NSm is physically associated with the ER membrane in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. An…
Age-dependent regulation of antioxidant genes by p38α MAPK in the liver
2018
p38α is a redox sensitive MAPK activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and environmental, genotoxic and endoplasmic reticulum stresses. The aim of this work was to assess whether p38α controls the antioxidant defense in the liver, and if so, to elucidate the mechanism(s) involved and the age-related changes. For this purpose, we used liver-specific p38α-deficient mice at two different ages: young-mice (4 months-old) and old-mice (24 months-old). The liver of young p38α knock-out mice exhibited a decrease in GSH levels and an increase in GSSG/GSH ratio and malondialdehyde levels. However, old mice deficient in p38α had higher hepatic GSH levels and lower GSSG/GSH ratio than young p38α knock-…
Erbb2 regulates neuromuscular synapse formation and is essential for muscle spindle development
2003
Neuregulins and their Erbb receptors have been implicated in neuromuscular synapse formation by regulating gene expression in subsynaptic nuclei. To analyze the function of Erbb2 in this process, we have inactivated the Erbb2 gene in developing muscle fibers by Cre/Lox-mediated gene ablation. Neuromuscular synapses form in the mutant mice, but the synapses are less efficient and contain reduced levels of acetylcholine receptors. Surprisingly, the mutant mice also show proprioceptive defects caused by abnormal muscle spindle development. Sensory Ia afferent neurons establish initial contact with Erbb2-deficient myotubes. However, functional spindles never develop. Taken together, our data su…
Xanthine dehydrogenase processes retinol to retinoic acid in human mammary epithelial cells
2008
Retinoic acid is considered to be the active metabolite of retinol, able to control differentiation and proliferation of epithelia. Retinoic acid biosynthesis has been widely described with the implication of multiple enzymatic activities. However, our understanding of the cell biological function and regulation of this process is limited. In a recent study we evidenced that milk xanthine oxidase (E.C. 1.17.3.2.) is capable to oxidize all-trans-retinol bound to CRBP (holo-CRBP) to all-trans-retinaldehyde and then to all-trans-retinoic acid. To get further knowledge regarding this process we have evaluated the biosynthetic pathway of retinoic acid in a human mammary epithelial cell line (HME…
Misfolded vasopressin V2 receptors caused by extracellular point mutations entail congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
2000
Vasopressin V2 receptor mutants from three different patients with congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus phenotypes were investigated after expression in COS cells. The amino acid exchanges within the human V2 receptor are located in the second extracellular loop (T204N, Y205C and V206D). Confocal microscopy showed that all receptor mutants were strongly expressed but mainly located within the cell. Residual binding capacity for the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) could only be detected for the T204N mutant and was 10-fold lower than for the wild-type receptor. Stimulation of transfected cells with 1 microM AVP showed that the T204N mutant was able to activate the adenyl…
“ANALISI DI NUOVI MECCANISMI MOLECOLARI DELLA RISPOSTA IMMUNITARIA INNATA NEL RICCIO DI MARE PARACENTROTUS LIVIDUS”
La risposta immune contro l’invasione dei patogeni è un meccanismo fisiologico presente in tutti gli organismi viventi. Gli animali possiedono recettori che si legano a elementi estranei riconosciuti come non-self che successivamente attivano una risposta cellulare. Il meccanismo di trasduzione del segnale inizia una complessa cascata di reazioni cellulari che conduce alla produzione di molecole effettrici quali le citochine. Alla fine si ha l’eliminazione o l’inattivazione del patogeno. A questo complesso meccanismo prendono parte recettori, molecole antimicrobiche, fattori di trascrizione, ecc… Gli echinodermi rappresentano i più evoluti invertebrati che formano un ponte con i cordati pri…
In vivo Trafficking and Localization of p24 Proteins in Plant Cells
2008
p24 proteins constitute a family of putative cargo receptors that traffic in the early secretory pathway. p24 proteins can be divided into four subfamilies (p23, p24, p25 and p26) by sequence homology. In contrast to mammals and yeast, most plant p24 proteins contain in their cytosolic C-terminus both a dilysine motif in the -3, -4 position and a diaromatic motif in the -7, -8 position. We have previously shown that the cytosolic tail of Arabidopsis p24 proteins has the ability to interact with ARF1 and coatomer (through the dilysine motif) and with COPII subunits (through the diaromatic motif). Here, we establish the localization and trafficking properties of an Arabidopsis thaliana p24 pr…
PO-350 MiRNAs and their relation to biological pathways in left- and right-sided colorectal cancer
2018
Introduction MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of gene expression in colorectal cancer (CRC), which has specific biological pathways that are predominant in either left- or right-sided CRC. However, it is unclear how miRNAs are associated with biological pathways in these two forms of CRC. Our hypothesis is that a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental biological signalling pathways in the two sides of CRC may aid in developing a decisive step towards precision medicine. We aim to clarify specific biological pathway differences of differentially expressed miRNAs between left- and right-sided CRC. Material and methods We extracted total RNA from 24 of left- and right-…
2013
MicroRNAs of the miR-302 cluster are involved in early embryonic development and somatic cell reprogramming. Expression of the miR-302 gene is regulated by the binding of the pluripotency factors Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog to the miR-302 promoter. The specific expression pattern of the miR-302 gene suggested that additional transcription factors might be involved in its regulation. Here, we show that the miR-302 promoter is a direct target of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. We found that the miR-302 promoter contains three different functional Tcf/Lef binding sites. Two of the three sites were located within the cluster of Oct4/Sox2/Nanog binding sites and were essential for Wnt/β-catenin-me…