Search results for "Pension"
showing 10 items of 513 documents
Growth and anisotropic ripening in twinned colloidal crystals
2008
The heterogeneous crystallization of colloidal suspensions of Yukawa particles on a wall was observed by Bragg microscopy. The growth velocity ν 110 of the fluid-crystal interface can be very well described by a Wilson-Frenkel growth law, while the limiting velocity is found to be lower than in previous investigations. Twinned bcc domains in lateral direction (parallel to the wall) and their ripening behavior are for the first time investigated systematically. A strong anisotropic growth behavior is found: in the direction of the shear flow, which shear melts the suspension prior to the crystallization process, the extension of the domains is much larger than perpendicular to that. The incr…
Flow-induced structures in magnetorheological suspensions
1999
We have measured the yield stress of a magnetic suspension as a function of the external field. To explain the existence of this yield stress, we report a comparison between two models, one based on isolated chains of particles and the other taking into account that the structure is formed by aggregates of particles.
‘Landscape of exception’: Power inequalities and ethical planning challenges in the landscape transformation of south-eastern Sicily
2021
In some marginal contexts of Southern Italy, in light of specific economic, political and social conditions, certain relationships between ‘strong powers’ and ‘weak powers’ produce a suspension of norms/rights that is, paradoxically, ‘normalised’. This creates a particular spatial variation of Agamben’s (2005) state of exception concept: the ‘landscape of exception’. With respect to the possible conditions of ‘exception’, this article describes the ‘landscape of exception’ of the greenhouse system in South-Eastern Sicily. This ‘landscape of exception’ is generated by the greenhouses, in particular those dedicated to vegetable production, through an effective mechanism of spatial manipulati…
Modeling the Impact of Socioeconomic and Medical Characteristics on Public Pension Systems in Central and Eastern European Countries
2021
Due to the direct link between the structure of the labor market and public pension systems, some important aspects are highlighted in this chapter regarding the correlation between the level of budget expenditures with social insurance and national economic development, demographic and medical characteristics of the population. Based on other works on the field of social protection and pension systems, an empirical study was conducted following three dimensions of social protection systems, namely, economic, social, and medical features.
Zasady równości i sprawiedliwości społecznej w prawie emerytalnym
2016
The paper regards the issue of influence of equality and social justice principles on pension law. The author states that equality in pension law is understood in a special way, what results from a natural – for social insurance law – differentiation of entitlements and obligations in regard to subjection to insurance, type of performed work or in regard to sex. This leads to deviation from the obligation of equal treatment of equal (similar) subjects in favour of differentiation of pension entitlements justified by i.e. the principle of solidarity. The issue of social justice, however, is related mostly to the determination of rules of participation in resources originating from a commonly…
Econometric Study on the Financial Sustainability of Public Pension Systems
2021
This chapter aims the econometric study regarding the financial sustainability of public pension systems in CEE countries, by establishing correlations between the level of state social insurance budget revenues and expenditures, and the socioeconomic indicators specific to pension systems.
Integrating Retirement and Long-Term Care (LTC) Annuities Using a Notional Defined Contribution (NDC) Framework
2014
This paper examines the possibility of embedding public long-term care (LTC) insurance within the retirement pension system, i.e. introducing life care annuities (LCAs) into a notional defined contribution (NDC) framework. To do this we develop a multistate overlapping generations model (MOLG) that includes the so-called survivor dividend and give special attention to the assumptions made about mortality rates for dependent persons and LTC incidence rates, which largely determine the contribution rate assigned to LTC. The proposed model could be of interest to policymakers because it could be implemented without too much difficulty, it would universalize LTC coverage with a "fixed" cost, an…
AN ACTUARIAL BALANCE SHEET MODEL FOR DEFINED BENEFIT PAY-AS-YOU-GO PENSION SYSTEMS WITH DISABILITY AND RETIREMENT CONTINGENCIES
2014
AbstractIn this paper, we develop a theoretical basis for drawing up a “Swedish” type actuarial balance sheet for a defined benefit pay-as-you-go (DB PAYG) scheme with retirement and disability benefits. Our model enables us to obtain the system's expected average turnover duration, measure the scheme's solvency and explore the phenomenon identified as “pension reclassification”, a widespread practice that masks the system's real status unless further pension information becomes available. The model is clearly linked to actuarial practice in social security and gives partial support to the practical adaptation of Swedish methodology carried out by OSFI (2012) in applying the concept of the …
Financial Literacy Self-Evaluation of Young People in Latvia
2021
Regular and proportionate voluntary savings in private pension funds can become an important part of oldage pensions. However, this can happen if the savings are made for a long period of time. This justifies the target group of the 3rd pension level, which are young people who have started to receive a regular income from their professional activity. One of the most discussed issues in promoting voluntary pension savings is the level of financial literacy. In addition to other motivating factors, such as financial incentives, the level of knowledge of the population about the opportunities to participate in the third pillar of pensions makes them want to build up voluntary savings. Effecti…
Assessing Pension System Reforms in Latin America
2004
During the 1980s and 1990s sweeping structural changes were made to social security systems in a number of Latin American countries. This paper aims to assess the impact of those reforms, showing their possible limitations, risks and internal malfunctions. The impact on the following will be considered: (a) coverage; (b) risks and uncertainty; (c) redistributive aspects; (d) savings; and (e) the administration and management costs of the new system.