Search results for "Peripheral Nervous System"
showing 10 items of 90 documents
Expression analysis of neuroglobin mRNA in rodent tissues
2002
Neuroglobin is a respiratory protein which was reported to be preferentially expressed in the vertebrate brain. Here we present the first detailed analysis of the expression of neuroglobin in mouse and rat tissues. Neuroglobin mRNA was detected in all brain areas studied. Most, but not all, nerve cells were labeled, suggesting differential expression of Ngb. Neuroglobin mRNA was detected in the peripheral nervous system, explaining previous northern hybridization signals in organs other than the brain. Substantial neuroglobin expression was also found in metabolically active endocrine tissues such as the adrenal and pituitary glands. The granule localization of neuroglobin transcripts in va…
Myelin Proteome Analysis: Methods and Implications for the Myelin Cytoskeleton
2012
Myelin, the multilayered membrane that enwraps and insulates neuronal axons for fast signal propagation, is a plasma membrane specialization of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in the central and peripheral nervous system, respectively. Here we provide our lab protocols for the puri fi cation of myelin from mouse brains and for gel-based and gel-free proteomic applications, as well as a brief discussion with respect to our current knowledge of the myelin cytoskeleton.
Intracerebral Borna Disease Virus Infection of Bank Voles Leading to Peripheral Spread and Reverse Transcription of Viral RNA
2011
Bornaviruses, which chronically infect many species, can cause severe neurological diseases in some animal species; their association with human neuropsychiatric disorders is, however, debatable. The epidemiology of Borna disease virus (BDV), as for other members of the family Bornaviridae, is largely unknown, although evidence exists for a reservoir in small mammals, for example bank voles (Myodes glareolus). In addition to the current exogenous infections and despite the fact that bornaviruses have an RNA genome, bornavirus sequences integrated into the genomes of several vertebrates millions of years ago. Our hypothesis is that the bank vole, a common wild rodent species in traditional B…
Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathy and Diabetes: A Scoping Review
2021
Although cancer and diabetes are common diseases, the relationship between diabetes, neuropathy and the risk of developing peripheral sensory neuropathy while or after receiving chemotherapy is uncertain. In this review, we highlight the effects of chemotherapy on the onset or progression of neuropathy in diabetic patients. We searched the literature in Medline and Scopus, covering all entries until 31 January 2021. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were: (1) original article (2) full text published in English or Spanish; (3) neuropathy was specifically assessed (4) the authors separately analyzed the outcomes in diabetic patients. A total of 259 papers were retrieved. Finally, eight art…
Subtypes of glial cells in the Drosophila embryonic ventral nerve cord as related to lineage and gene expression
2008
In the Drosophila embryonic CNS several subtypes of glial cells develop, which arrange themselves at characteristic positions and presumably fulfil specific functions. The mechanisms leading to the specification and differentiation of glial subtypes are largely unknown. By DiI labelling in glia-specific Gal4 lines we have clarified the lineages of the lateral glia in the embryonic ventral nerve cord and linked each glial cell to a specific stem cell. For the lineage of the longitudinal glioblast we show that it consists of 9 cells, which acquire at least four different identities. A large collection of molecular markers (many of them representing transcription factors and potential Gcm targ…
The role of exercise on peripheral nerve regeneration: from animal model to clinical application
2021
Peripheral nerve injury is a complex condition with a variety of signs and symptoms depending on the severity and nerves involved. Peripheral nerve damage may lead to sensory and motor functions deficits and even lifelong disability, causing important socioeconomic costs worldwide. Despite the increase in knowledge of the mechanisms of injury and regeneration, a full functional recovery is still unsatisfying in the majority of patients. It is well known that exercise promotes physical and psychological well-being, by ameliorating general health. In the last years, there has been a growing interest in evaluating the effects of exercise on the peripheral nervous system. Experimental works wit…
Macrophagic myofasciitis in a 3-month-old child
2015
Macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF) is a rare inflammatory myopathy which occurs after injection of aluminium-containing vaccines against hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis A virus, and tetanus toxoid. Most of the cases reported are from France and are adult patients. We report a rare case of MMF in a 3-month-old male child of Indian origin. He was immunized for HBV at birth after which he developed generalized hypotonia, and central nervous system and peripheral nervous system manifestations at 1 month of age. Muscle biopsy showed typical features of MMF and aluminium could be detected in the muscle biopsy macrophages by ultrastructural examination and LAMMA technique. Our case is the youngest …
Functional evidence of multidrug resistance transporters (MDR) in rodent olfactory epithelium.
2012
WOS: 000305340700029; International audience; BACKGROUND: P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) are membrane transporter proteins which function as efflux pumps at cell membranes and are considered to exert a protective function against the entry of xenobiotics. While evidence for Pgp and MRP transporter activity is reported for olfactory tissue, their possible interaction and participation in the olfactory response has not been investigated. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Functional activity of putative MDR transporters was assessed by means of the fluorometric calcein acetoxymethyl ester (calcein-AM) accumulation assay on acute rat and mouse olfactory tissue slices.…
Atrial natriuretic factor-like immunoreactivity in spinal cord and in primary sensory neurons of spinal and trigeminal ganglia of guinea-pig: correla…
1989
Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a cardiac hormone with various functions in body homeostasis. It is also processed in the brain and in the peripheral nervous system where it appears to play a role as a neuromodulator. Little is known about the presence of ANF throughout the spinal cord of the guinea-pig. We therefore examined the distribution of ANF and its possible interrelation with primary sensory afferents in this species. Using enzyme- and fluorescence-immunohistochemistry on deparaffinized sections, ANF-like immunoreactivity was found to be present in nerve fibers in laminae I/II of the spinal cord and in neurons of spinal and trigeminal ganglia. Tachykinins and ANF coexisted in ve…
Giant axonal neuropathy and leukodystrophy
1991
Abstract An 11-year-old Persian boy, born to consanguineous parents, manifested a progressive gait abnormality beginning at 5 years of age. A severe cerebellar disorder developed with associated dysfunction of the peripheral nervous system, but no sign of mental impairment. The sensory and motor nerve conduction velocities were greatly reduced, especially in the lower extremities. Cerebrospinal fluid protein was normal. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed leukoencephalopathy, especially in the cerebellum, but also in periventricular areas. The diagnosis of giant axonal neuropathy was established by biopsy of the sural nerve. The few previous histologic examinations h…