Search results for "Peripheral"
showing 10 items of 1028 documents
Antioxidant role of microvesicles, activated by genistein, in stem cells
2018
Intercellular communication is an essential hallmark of multicellular organisms. Microvesicles (MVs), which are released from and taken up by most types of cells are involved in intercellular communication. The nutrients we ingest from food contact with immune cells in the bloodstream and can promote the formation of MVs. Some foods contain molecules with regulatory activity, such as genistein, a polyphenol found in soy. We aimed to study the effects of MVs released from genistein-treated immune cells on dental pulp stem cells (DPSC). We obtained peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 5 young women (aged 18–25). Cells were cultured and treated with 0.5 μM genistein or 0.01% DMSO as …
Regulatory T cells and vaccine effectiveness in older adults. Challenges and prospects
2021
Since the discovery of lymphocytes with immunosuppressive activity, increasing interest has arisen in their possible influence on the immune response induced by vaccines. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintaining peripheral tolerance, preventing autoimmune diseases, and limiting chronic inflammatory diseases. However, they also limit beneficial immune responses by suppressing anti-infectious and anti-tumor immunity. Mounting evidence suggests that Tregs are involved, at least in part, in the low effectiveness of immunization against various diseases where it has been difficult to obtain protective vaccines. Interestingly, increased activity of Tregs is associated with aging, …
Plasma heme oxygenase-1 is decreased in peripheral artery disease patients.
2016
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common manifestation of atherosclerosis. A number of emerging risk factors, including oxidative stress biomarkers, free radicals and heat shock proteins, may add to the established risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The present study assessed surrogate markers of oxidative stress, including total reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), isoprostanes, heme oxygenase‑1 (HO‑1) and metabolic biomarkers, such as adiponectin and lactate, in PAD patients (n=27). Healthy age‑matched volunteers (n=27) served as controls. GSH and LOOH were evaluated by measuring total thiol groups and iron oxidation, respectively, by spectrophotometric a…
Targeting aurora kinase B alleviates spinal microgliosis and neuropathic pain in a rat model of peripheral nerve injury.
2019
Peripheral nerve injury elicits spinal microgliosis, contributing to neuropathic pain. The aurora kinases A (AURKA), B (AURKB), and C (AURKC) are potential therapeutic targets in proliferating cells. However, their role has not been clarified in microglia. The aim of this study was to examine the regulation of aurora kinases and their roles and druggability in spinal microgliosis and neuropathic pain. Sprague-Dawley rats received chronic constriction injury (CCI). Gene expression of aurora kinases A-C was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR and western blot, respectively, in spinal cords at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after CCI. AURKB gene and protein expression was up-regulated concomitantly with th…
Interleukin-25 Axis Is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Human Primary and Experimental Murine Sjögren's Syndrome
2018
Objective To investigate the role of the interleukin-25 (IL-25)/IL-17 receptor B (IL-17RB) axis in experimental Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and in patients with primary SS and primary SS-associated lymphoma. Methods Expression of IL-25, IL-17RB, IL-17B, and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) was analyzed on minor salivary gland (SG) samples from patients with primary SS and on parotid gland samples from patients with primary SS-associated B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). IL-17RB expression and the frequencies of natural group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), inflammatory ILC2s, and M2-polarized macrophages were assessed by flow cytometry in SG mononuclear cells and p…
Elevated Regulatory T Cell Levels in Glaucoma Patients in Comparison to Healthy Controls.
2016
Many studies analyzing neurodegenerative diseases demonstrate altered frequencies of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Till date, there is hardly any information concerning Tregs in glaucoma. To gather first results concerning Treg levels in glaucoma patients, we aimed to investigate whether the number of CD4(+)CD25(+)T cells vary in the patients suffering from primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and healthy controls.Heparinized blood samples were collected from 16 healthy individuals and 16 POAG patients. The groups were age and gender matched. A density gradient centrifugation over Ficoll-Paque was performed to isolate the peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The resulting cells were stained with…
PDXK mutations cause polyneuropathy responsive to pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate supplementation
2019
OBJECTIVE: To identify disease-causing variants in autosomal recessive axonal polyneuropathy with optic atrophy and provide targeted replacement therapy. METHODS: We performed genome-wide sequencing, homozygosity mapping, and segregation analysis for novel disease-causing gene discovery. We used circular dichroism to show secondary structure changes and isothermal titration calorimetry to investigate the impact of variants on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding. Pathogenicity was further supported by enzymatic assays and mass spectroscopy on recombinant protein, patient-derived fibroblasts, plasma, and erythrocytes. Response to supplementation was measured with clinical validated rating sc…
Altered Semmes–Weinstein monofilament test results are associated with oxidative stress markers in type 2 diabetic subjects
2017
Abstract Background Different lines of evidence suggest that oxidative stress (OS) is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. The Semmes–Weinstein monofilament (SWM) test is an efficient tool for evaluating diabetic polyneuropathy and diabetic foot. In this study, we analyzed the association between OS markers and altered SWM test results in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. Methods Seventy T2DM patients were studied and 34 showed altered SWM results. The clinical and biochemical parameters were determined using standardized methods. Levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in circulating mononuclear cells using high-performance liquid chro…
Determinants of the Quality of Warfarin Control after Venous Thromboembolism and Validation of the SAMe-TT2-R2 Score: An Analysis of Hokusai-VTE.
2019
Background Time in therapeutic range (TTR) measures the quality of vitamin K antagonist (VKA) anticoagulation. In patients with atrial fibrillation, the dichotomized SAMe-TT2-R2 score (≥2 vs. < 2 points) can predict if adequate TTR is unlikely to be achieved. Aims We validated the SAMe-TT2-R2 score in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) randomized to the warfarin arm of the Hokusai-VTE trial. Patients and Methods A total of 3,874 patients were included in the primary analysis (day 31–180 from randomization). The efficacy and safety outcomes were symptomatic recurrent VTE and major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding. Results The rates of recurrent VTE and bleeding events we…
Monocyte preseeding leads to an increased implant bed vascularization of biphasic calcium phosphate bone substitutes via vessel maturation
2016
The present study analyzes the influence of the addition of monocytes to a biphasic bone substitute with two granule sizes (400-700 μm and 500-1000 μm). The majority of the added monocytes was detectable as mononuclear cells, while also low amounts of (chimeric) multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) were found. No increase in the total number of MNGCs was established, but a significantly increased percent vascularization. Altogether, the results show that the added monocytes become involved in the tissue response to a biomaterial without marked changes in the overall reaction. Monocyte addition enables an increased implant bed vascularization especially via induction of vessel maturation and, …