Search results for "Personality"

Replication of the association between CHRNA4 rs1044396 and harm avoidance in a large population-based sample.

2015

Harm avoidance is a personality trait characterized by excessive worrying and fear of uncertainty, which has repeatedly been related to anxiety disorders. Converging lines of research in rodents and humans point towards an involvement of the nicotinic cholinergic system in the modulation of anxiety. Most notably, the rs1044396 polymorphism in the CHRNA4 gene, which codes for the α4 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, has been linked to negative emotionality traits including harm avoidance in a recent study. Against this background, we investigated the association between harm avoidance and the rs1044396 polymorphism using data from N=1673 healthy subjects, which were collected …

Apmierinātības ar partnerattiecībām saistība ar histēriskas personības iezīmēm

2019

Bakalaura darba pētījuma mērķis bija noskaidrot, vai pastāv saistība starp apmierinātību ar partnerattiecībām un histēriskas personības iezīmju izteiktību. Lai šo mērķi sasniegtu, tika izvirzīts pētījuma jautājums – kāda saistība pastāv starp apmierinātību ar partnerattiecībām un histēriskas personības iezīmju izteiktību? Lai atbildētu uz pētījuma jautājumu, tika veikta literatūras analīze un veikts pētījums. Pētījumā piedalījās 70 respondenti vecumā no 20 līdz 49 gadiem (vidējais vecums 27,20 gadi), kuri ir romantiskās attiecībās no 2 mēnešiem līdz 18 gadiem (vidējais attiecību ilgums 3,83 gadi). Datu iegūšanai tika izmantota “Attiecību novērtēšanas skala” (Relationship Assessment Scale (H…

Longitudinal profiles of mental well-being as correlates of successful aging in middle age

2017

This study analyzed the multidimensional (including emotional, psychological, and social well-being) profiles of mental well-being and their links to various indicators of successful aging (SA; including diseases, cognitive and physical function, and engagement with life). The analyses were based on the Finnish Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development, where the age-cohort participants have been followed from age 8 to 50. Data on 335 participants collected in mid-adulthood were analyzed. Applying Latent Profile Analysis and measures of life satisfaction and psychological well-being at ages 36, 42, and 50 and social well-being at ages 42 and 50, four longitudinal w…

“The Best Laid Plans” : Do Individual Differences in Planfulness Moderate Effects of Implementation Intention Interventions?

2022

While there is good evidence supporting the positive effect of planning strategies like implementation intentions on the relationship between intention and behavior, there is less evidence on the moderating role of individual differences in planning capacity on this effect. This study aimed to examine the role of individual differences in planfulness on the effect of planning strategies on the intention–behavior gap. Specifically, this study investigated the influence of planfulness on the effectiveness of implementation intentions on goal-directed behavior using an experimental design. Undergraduate university students (N = 142) with high and low levels of planfulness based on a priori sco…

Change and stability of sense of coherence in adulthood: Longitudinal evidence from the Healthy Child study

2007

Abstract The main aim of this three-wave 35-year follow-up study among Finnish employees ( n  = 532) was to investigate whether Sense of Coherence (SOC) is more stable among those with high SOC compared to those with low SOC, as hypothesized by Antonovsky [Antonovsky, A. (1987). Unraveling the mystery of health: how people manage stress and stay well. San Francisco, CA, US: Jossey-Bass], using two measurement points over 13 years. The participants were first studied in adolescence in 1961–1963, after which they responded to two postal questionnaires measuring SOC, first in 1985, and again in 1998. The results of the Factor Mixture Modeling identified two groups of individuals with different…

Interpersonality Strategies in International Student Handbooks Written by Native Speakers of English (NSE) and Non-native Speakers of English (NNSE)

2014

Summary of the doctoral dissertation Interpersonality Strategies in International Student Handbooks Written by Native Speakers of English (NSE) and Non-native Speakers of English (NNSE) Tesis doctoral presentada por: Stan McDaniel Mann Valencia, 2014 Have you ever read a brochure or handbook written in English by a non-native speaker of English (NNSE), noticed that the grammar and syntax was excellent and the terminology was near-perfect, but you still did not understand the essence of what the author was trying to communicate, or you had the feeling that the information was ambiguous? It was precisely for these two reasons that this research on interpersonality strategies was carried out. …

Personality assessment and self-other rating agreement : moderators and implications of agreement

2017

One essential aspect of personality test validation is to estimate the magnitude of self-other agreement of personality ratings. In this method, external observers form their personality judgements of the target person. The self-other agreement coefficients obtained provide approximations of the validity of the measure used. The magnitude of self-other agreement on personality has also proven to be useful in explaining real-life criteria, such as managerial performance. The main aim in this research was to study self-other agreement of personality ratings in various organizational contexts. First, the overall magnitude of self-other agreement was examined in a personnel selection sample; se…

Self-confidence predicts entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial success

2023

Pathways from childhood socioemotional characteristics and cognitive skills to midlife health behaviours.

2022

Objective: This longitudinal study investigated the pathways from childhood socioemotional characteristics and cognitive skills to health behaviours in midlife. Methods: Participants in the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (JYLS) were followed from age 8 (n=369) to age 50 (n=271). Outcomes included physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and body mass index (BMI) assessed at ages 36, 42 and 50. Predictors were socioemotional characteristics (behavioural activity, negative emotionality, and well-controlled behaviour) and parents’ occupational status collected at age 8, cognitive skills (school success at age 14 and the highest education at age 27) an…

Secular rise in economically valuable personality traits

2017

Although trends in many physical characteristics and cognitive capabilities of modern humans are well-documented, less is known about how personality traits have evolved over time. We analyze data from a standardized personality test administered to 79% of Finnish men born between 1962 and 1976 (n = 419,523) and find steady increases in personality traits that predict higher income in later life. The magnitudes of these trends are similar to the simultaneous increase in cognitive abilities, at 0.2-0.6 SD during the 15-y window. When anchored to earnings, the change in personality traits amounts to a 12% increase. Both personality and cognitive ability have consistent associations with famil…