Search results for "Phelipanche"
showing 10 items of 16 documents
A preliminary approach for modelling the effects of cropping systems on the dynamics of broomrape ( Phelipanche ramosa) in interaction with the non-p…
2011
International audience; The current decrease in herbicide use may increase and diversify weed flora in crops as well as companion bioagressors spreading via weeds. Among these bioagressors is Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel, a parastic plant which is very harmful on oilseed rape. The objective of the present work was to develop a new model (called PheraSys) of the effects of cropping systems on parasite dynamics, in interaction with non-parasitic weed hosts. The structure of this first model version was based on models developed for other parasitic plants and on FlorSys which quantifies the effects of cropping systems on non-parasitic weed flora. PheraSys was parametrized with preliminary val…
Phelipanche lainzii, nueva Orobáncacea para la península Ibérica
2012
[ES] Se describe una nueva especie ibérica perteneciente al género Phelipanche Pomel (Orobanchaceae): Ph. lainzii, sp. nov., hallada en el noreste de la provincia de Albacete, cerca de la provincia de Valencia (E de España). Entre otras características, presenta por lo general tallo mediano a pequeño, inflorescencia densa, corola azul pálido de tubo estrecho, apenas infundibuliforme y no muy ensanchado en la garganta, con lóbulos del labio inferior no deflexos y cáliz con dientes subulados. Su morfología es parecida a Ph. mutelii (F.W. Schultz) Pomel, Ph. camphorosmae Carlón, G. Gómez, M. Laínz, Moreno Mor., Ó. Sánchez & Schneew. y Ph. nana (F.W. de Noë ex Rchb. fil.) Soják, por lo que se a…
Broomrape weeds. Underground mechanisms of parasitism and associated strategies for their control: a review
2016
prod 2018-285d SPE GESTAD Agrosup INRA CT?; International audience; Broomrapes are plant-parasitic weeds which constitute one of the most difficult-to-control of all biotic constraints that affect crops in Mediterranean, central and eastern Europe, and Asia. Due to their physical and metabolic overlap with the crop, their underground parasitism, their achlorophyllous nature, and hardly destructible seed bank, broomrape weeds are usually not controlled by management strategies designed for non-parasitic weeds. Instead, broomrape are in a current state of intensification and spread due to lack of broomrape-specific control programs, unconscious introduction to new areas and may be decline of …
Trophic relationships between the parasitic plant species phelipanche ramosa (L.) and different hosts depending on host phenological stage and host g…
2016
Prod 2018-285c INRA AGROSUP GESTAD SPE CT3 SPE CT1 EJ2 EA; International audience; Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel (branched broomrape) is a holoparasitic plant that reproduces on crops and also on weeds, which contributes to increase the parasite seed bank in fields. This parasite extracts all its nutrients at the host’s expense so that host–parasite trophic relationships are crucial to determine host and parasite growth. This study quantified the intensity with which P. ramosa draws assimilates from its host and analyzed whether it varied with host species, host phenological stage and host growth rate. A greenhouse experiment was conducted on three host species: the crop species Brassica na…
Orobanche rameuse du tabac (Phelipanche ramosa L.) : Identifier de nouvelles solutions conventionnelles et de biocontrôle
2019
The branching broomrape, Phelipanche ramosa L. is an obligate parasitic plant, which in a few years became a major agronomic problem for tobacco crops in France. Two approaches, aiming at controlling broomrape were tested within the framework of the ELIOT project grouping Arvalis, the CT2F cooperative and the INRA center of Dijon. The first relates to sulfonylurea herbicides, including rimsulfuron and sulfosulfuron and a systemic herbicide of the cyclohexanediones family, clethodim. The results, although instructive, do not reflect an effective control of broomrape. The second approach deals with the search for soil-borne fungi that are pathogenic to broomrape. A large number of fungal stra…
Modélisation des effets des systèmes de culture sur la dynamique de la plante parasite orobanche rameuse en interaction avec les adventices
2019
Reducing pesticide use is a major challenge in agriculture and involves developing more sustainable methods that rely on non-chemical cropping techniques and biological regulations according to agroecological principles. Branched broomrape (Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel) is a root parasitic plant which infects crops and causes dramatic yield losses worldwide. Managing broomrape is complex because it requires combining several cropping techniques whithin a global weed management strategy because broomrape is also able to infect non-parasitic weeds. The aim of this thesis was to stynthetize knowledge on branched broomrape dynamics in agroecosystems and to aggregate it within a mechanistic mod…
Modélisation des effets des systèmes de culture sur la dynamique de la plante parasite orobanche rameuse en interaction avec les adventices
2019
Reducing pesticide use is a major challenge in agriculture and involves developing more sustainable methods that rely on non-chemical cropping techniques and biological regulations according to agroecological principles. Branched broomrape (Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel) is a root parasitic plant which infects crops and causes dramatic yield losses worldwide. Managing broomrape is complex because it requires combining several cropping techniques whithin a global weed management strategy because broomrape is also able to infect non-parasitic weeds. The aim of this thesis was to stynthetize knowledge on branched broomrape dynamics in agroecosystems and to aggregate it within a mechanistic mod…
Modelling the effects of cropping systems on the dynamics of a parasitic weed, Phelipanche ramosa, in interaction with the non-parasitic weed flora
2010
International audience; The current decrease in herbicide use may increase and diversify weed flora in crops as well as companion bioagressors spreading via weeds. Among these bioagressors is Phelipanche ramosa, a parastic plant which is very harmful on oilseed rape. The objective of the present work was to develop a model (called PHERASYS) of the effects of cropping systems on parasite dynamics, in interaction with non-parasitic weed hosts. The structure of the first model version was based on models developed for other parasitic plants and on FLORSYS which quantifies the effects of cropping systems on non-parasitic weed flora. PHERASYS was parametrized with preliminary values from literat…
Différences de capacités d’induction de la germination de deux pathovars d’orobanche rameuse sur une gamme d’hôtes des familles des brassicacées et f…
2016
Branched broomrape (Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel) is a holoparasite weed causing significant yield losses on several crops, especially in France on winter oilseed rape fields. The ability to induce germination of seeds of branched broomrape, variable between host species, represent an important information to identify the status of weed species present in the crop (host or non-host). In this study, conducted in in vitro conditions, we focused on two botanical families and two dominant pathovars of branched broomrape in France. We show that the host species is the only important explanatory factor of seed germination rate, the latter being not affected by the pathovar. Among the species stu…
Les semences de la plante parasite orobanche rameuse ont une dormance saisonnière qui varie au niveau intraspécifique et une faible mortalité au champ
2019
L’orobanche rameuse (Phelipanche ramosa) est une plante parasite bioagresseur majeur du colza en France. Les connaissances sur la viabilité et la dormance de ses semences dans le sol sont cruciales pour contrôler l’orobanche mais restent à acquérir. La présente étude vise à quantifier ces processus grâce à une expérience d’enfouissement de semences au champ de deux ans. Deux populations génétiquement distinctes ont été étudiées, collectées sur colza d’hiver et chanvre respectivement. La mortalité des semences est très faible pour les deux populations (4-7% par an). Les semences montrent une dormance saisonnière dont le timing et l’amplitude varient en fonction de la population, avec une dor…