Search results for "Pheromone"
showing 10 items of 256 documents
Odorant Metabolism Analysis by an Automated Ex Vivo Headspace Gas-Chromatography Method
2015
International audience; In the olfactory epithelium (OE), odorant metabolizing enzymes have the dual function of volatile component detoxification and active clearance of odorants from the perireceptor environment to respectively maintain the integrity of the tissues and the sensitivity of the detection. Although emphasized by recent studies, this enzymatic mechanism is poorly documented in mammals. Thus, olfactory metabolism has been characterized mainly in vitro and for a limited number of odorants. The automated ex vivo headspace gas-chromatography method that was developed here was validated to account for odorant olfactory metabolism. This method easily permits the measurement of the f…
Synthesis of disparlure and monachalure enantiomers from 2,3-butanediacetals
2020
2,3-Butanediacetal derivatives were used for the stereoselective synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted cis-epoxides. The procedure was applied for the preparation of both enantiomers of disparlure and monachalure, the components of the sex pheromones of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) and the nun moth (Lymantria monacha) using methyl (2S,3R,5R,6R)-3-ethylsulfanylcarbonyl-5,6-dimethoxy-5,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2-carboxylate as the starting material.
The mammary pheromone of the rabbit: from where does it come?
2005
Newborn rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus, are directed to their mother's nipples by specialized odour cues. Previous investigations have suggested that these cues are released from the doe's abdominal surface from structures located around the nipple. We tested pups with samples of various cutaneous tissues or fluids collected from lactating females to determine the location of the source of the odour cues. After finding that the nipples from lactating does were more attractive than those of virgin females, we conducted three experiments using skin samples collected at increasing distance from the nipples, dermal and mammary tissues taken below the nipples, and milk collected at different lev…
Human breast areolae as scent organs: morphological data and possible involvement in maternal-neonatal coadaptation.
2006
In humans, areolar skin glands (AG) enlarge during pregnancy and lactation. Their role in mother-infant interactions may pertain to protective, mechanical, and communicative functions. It was questioned here whether more profuse AG could be related to more optimal adaptation to breastfeeding. A morphological study of the areolae was undertaken between birth and day 3 to assess the number, secretory status, and spatial distribution of AG. These data were related to infants' weight variation, mothers' perception of their infant's behavior at breast, and time between delivery and onset of lactation. AG were seen in virtually all women but with great interindividual variations; their areolar di…
Researches Regarding the Species Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Le Conte in Sibiu County
2010
From the very beginning of the recording of its appearance in Europe as well as in
 our country the published material emphasized the harmful potential of the pest Diabrotica virgifera
 virgifera also drawing the attention to the scientific world and to the farmers as well upon this factor
 of reduction of the production of corn.
 In Sibiu County this species was first recorded in 2001, coming from West, at the border with
 Alba County. The first gatherings were done in Miercurea Sibiului. The investigation was done during
 2001–2009 concerning in: monitoring the adults and the larvae, the identification of the attacked
 plants, the way of harming both for…
The influence of smoke volatiles on sexual maturation and juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the black army cutworm, Actebia fennica (Lepidoptera: Noct…
2000
0965-1748 (Print) Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Outbreaks of the black army cutworm, Actebia fennica, are associated with recently burned sites, where larvae feed on early successional plants. In the present paper we show that smoke volatiles stimulate juvenile hormone biosynthesis in virgin females, resulting in a more rapid rate of oocyte maturation and a significant advance in the age of first calling (the release of the sex pheromone) compared to control females. The ecological implications of this physiological effect are discussed.
Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of Oriental Fruit Moth to the Monoterpenoid Citral Alone and in Combination With Sex Pheromone
2013
The monoterpenoid citral synergized the electroantennogram (EAG) response of male Grapholita molesta (Busck) antennae to its main pheromone compound Z8-12:OAc. The response to a 10-μg pheromone stimulus increased by 32, 45, 54, 71 and 94% with the addition of 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 μg of citral, respectively. There was no detectable response to 0.1, 1, or 10 μg of citral; the response to 100 and 1,000 μg of citral was 31 and 79% of the response to 10 μg of Z8-12:OAc. In a flight tunnel, citral affected the mate-seeking behavior of males. There was a 66% reduction in the number of males orientating by flight to a virgin calling female when citral was emitted at 1,000 ng/min ≍1 cm downwind…
Olfactory attraction of the hornet Vespa velutina to honeybee colony odors and pheromones.
2014
19 pages; International audience; Since the beginning of the last century, the number of biological invasions has continuously increased worldwide. Due to their environmental and economical consequences, invasive species are now a major concern. Social wasps are particularly efficient invaders because of their distinctive biology and behavior. Among them, the yellow-legged hornet, Vespa velutina, is a keen hunter of domestic honeybees. Its recent introduction to Europe may induce important beekeeping, pollination, and biodiversity problems. Hornets use olfactory cues for the long-range detection of food sources, in this case the location of honeybee colonies, but the exact nature of these c…
Indagini sulla presenza di Prays oleae in oliveti a conduzione biologica della Sicilia occidentale
2011
Investigations on presence of Prays oleae in organic olive orchards of western Sicily. This paper reports a study on the population dynamics of the olive moth, Prays oleae (Bern) (Lep., Plutellidae) in four organic olive orchards in western Sicily (Italy), from 2007 to 2010. The influence of the phytophagous on the fruit drop was detected. Also, the efficacy of treatments with Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki on damage reduction was evaluated. Flight trend was monitored using delta-wing traps (3/ha) containing the sexual pheromone ((Z)-7-tetradecenal), placed in each olive orchard. Traps were hung in the inner zone of the canopy to a height of 1.50 m, and checked weekly from May to 2-3 …
2014
Since the beginning of the last century, the number of biological invasions has continuously increased worldwide. Due to their environmental and economical consequences, invasive species are now a major concern. Social wasps are particularly efficient invaders because of their distinctive biology and behavior. Among them, the yellow-legged hornet, Vespa velutina, is a keen hunter of domestic honeybees. Its recent introduction to Europe may induce important beekeeping, pollination, and biodiversity problems. Hornets use olfactory cues for the long-range detection of food sources, in this case the location of honeybee colonies, but the exact nature of these cues remains unknown. Here, we stud…