Search results for "Philosophy of Science"

Bioactive Glass-Ceramics in Middle Ear Surgery An 8-Year Review

1988

An 8-year follow-up of Ceravital middle ear prostheses showed there was extremely good tolerance in the middle ear space. Incompatibility phenomena were not observed, and inflammatory reactions were neither caused nor supported by the implants. The tympanoplasties were always performed without interposition of cartilage between the tympanic membrane or the tympanic membrane graft and the disk-shaped portion of the implant, and extrusions were never observed. Long-lasting inflammatory processes appeared to destroy implants the same way they destroy ossicles. Transient inflammatory periods (such as episodes of purulent otitis media, which occurred soon after the prostheses were implanted) did…

On the myriad mathematical traditions of ancient greece

2002

To exert one’s historical imagination is to plunge into delicate deliberations that involve personal judgments and tastes. Historians can and do argue like lawyers, but their arguments are often made on behalf of a picture of the past, and these historical images obviously change over time. Why should the history of mathematics be any different? When we imagine the world of ancient Greek mathematics, the works of Euclid (Heath 1926), Archimedes (Heath 1897b), and Apollonius (Heath 1897a) easily spring to mind. Throughout most of the twentieth century, our dominant image of Greek mathematical traditions has been shaped by the high standards of rigor and creative achievement that are purporte…

Analysis of health communication texts: UK press coverage of debates about assisted dying

2015

Conventionally, social researchers analyse media messages by reading text and coding it. This is time consuming and restricts many studies to small samples. Nowadays very large amounts of text are available in electronic form, offering potential insights into the health messages they contain, but which appear daunting to the analyst with limited resources using conventional methods. I explain and illustrate methods for the computer-assisted analysis of media texts, using specialised software (Wordsmith Tools and Wordstat). These allow the analyst to provide a statistical overview of the key features of texts, to compare them (looking at change over time, for example) and to select illustrat…

Identification and climatology of cut-off lows near the tropopause.

2008

Cut-off low pressure systems (COLs) are defined as closed lows in the upper troposphere that have become completely detached from the main westerly current. These slow-moving systems often affect the weather conditions at the earth's surface and also work as a mechanism of mass transfer between the stratosphere and the troposphere, playing a significant role in the net flow of tropospheric ozone. In the first part of this work we provide a comprehensive summary of results obtained in previous studies of COLs. Following this, we present three long-term climatologies of COLs. The first two climatologies are based on the conceptual model of a COL, using European Centre for Medium-range Weather…

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES WITH CHLORPROPAMIDE IN DIABETES MELLITUS, IN NORMAL INDIVIDUALS, AND IN NONDIABETICS WITH HEPATIC DISEASE

1959

The Role of the Brand on Choice Overload

2019

Current research on choice overload has been mainly conducted with choice options not associated with specific brands. This study investigates whether the presence of brand names in the choice set affects the occurrence of choice overload. Across four studies, we find that when choosing among an overabundance of alternatives, participants express more positive feelings (i.e., higher satisfaction/confidence, lower regret and difficulty) when all the options of the choice set are associated with familiar brands, rather than unfamiliar brands or no brand at all. We also find that choice overload only appears in the absence of brand names, but disappears when all options contain brand names—eit…

Ser argumentador crítico razonable: Sugerencias para atender críticamente a pseudocientíficos y otras especies

2017

El discurso sobre la pseudociencia viene acompañado del discurso de la ciencia. A pesar de los intentos por separar ambos dominios, las personas siguen confiando en remedios pseudocientíficos. La facilidad con que las creencias se contagian, la popularidad de determinados productos y la palabrería de sus vendedores, etc. suelen dejarnos en manos de supuestos expertos. Aunque que el método científico puede ayudarnos a demostrar la ineficacia de ciertos remedios, no siempre disponemos argumentos concluyentes para despejar las dudas, de manera que quedamos a merced de supuestos conocimientos técnicos o bajo el falso rigor científico. Frente a ello debemos recurrir al pensamiento crítico y las …

A Note on Locally ??-compact Spaces

1995

: The local version of the concept of ℰτ-compactness (where ℰ is a class of Hausdorff spaces and ℰ is a cardinal) introduced by the first author as a generalization of Her-rlich's concept of ℰ-compactness (and hence, also of Mrowka's E-compactness) is defined and the corresponding theory is initiated. An essential part of the theory is developed under the additional assumption that all spaces from ℰ are absolute extensors for spaces under consideration. The theory contains as a special case the classical theory of local compactness.

Review of Carruthers (2006): The Architecture of the Mind

2010

Instrument transfer as knowledge transfer in neurophysiology: François Magendie's (1783-1855) early attempts to measure cerebrospinal fluid pressure.

2007

Francois Magendie's (1783-1855) experimental model for measuring blood pressure in animals, which he developed in 1838, had a major impact on French physiology in the nineteenth century, especially upon Etienne-Jules Marey (1830-1904) in Paris. In due course it was also adopted by other European investigators, such as the Leipzig physiologist Carl Ludwig (1816-1895), and by clinicians who developed it into a major measuring tool. Historians of science, however, have paid hardly any attention to Magendie's further laboratory investigations conducted with the assistance of Jean-Louis Marie Poiseuille's (1799-1869) sphygmometre (blood pressure meter). After having used the apparatus to conduct…