Search results for "Philosophy of language"
showing 10 items of 81 documents
The Fuzzy Logic Gambit as a Paradigm of Lotfi’s Proposals
2019
Lotfi Zadeh, in discussing the future directions the discipline should have taken, has insisted in highlighting what he called `the Fuzzy Logic Gambit' , whose basic idea is that, when dealing with the solution of a problem through the use of Fuzzy Logic, two different type of precisions exist: ``precision in value'', which is connected to the ability of measuring reality, and ``precision in meaning'', which is what we want to attain when dealing with the real world. While the final goal of Fuzzy Logic is to provide some degree of precision to what is less precise in nature, he has brilliantly suggested that this can be obtained by bartering between precision in value and precision in meani…
Group epistemic value
2021
AbstractSometimes we are interested in how groups are doing epistemically in aggregate. For instance, we may want to know the epistemic impact of a change in school curriculum or the epistemic impact of abolishing peer review in the sciences. Being able to say something about how groups are doing epistemically is especially important if one is interested in pursuing a consequentialist approach to social epistemology of the sort championed by Goldman (Knowledge in a social world. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999). According to this approach we evaluate social practices and institutions from an epistemic perspective based on how well they promote the aggregate level of epistemic value ac…
The Concept of Value for CSR: A Debate Drawn from Italian Classical Accounting
2017
This paper underlines the importance of the concept of value for corporate social responsibility (CSR) and then explores it beyond economics, looking for its social and philosophical roots. Considering the most recent literature on the matter, the dilemma between a non-monetary, multi-variable conception and a monetary, one-variable conception is set. To obtain the origins of the meaning for this basic concept in CSR, Italian literature regarding ‘value in accounting’ is explored. The main result from this first survey is the existence of a ‘chain’ from the highest conception of value (philosophical, ethical), to the most practical conception (accounting techniques of measurement). By this …
Pattern languages with and without erasing
1994
The paper deals with the problems related to finding a pattern common to all words in a given set. We restrict our attention to patterns expressible by the use of variables ranging over words. Two essentially different cases result, depending on whether or not the empty word belongs to the range. We investigate equivalence and inclusion problems, patterns descriptive for a set, as well as some complexity issues. The inclusion problem between two pattern languages turns out to be of fundamental theoretical importance because many problems in the classical combinatorics of words can be reduced to it.
Some applications of a theorem of Shirshov to language theory
1983
Some applications of a theorem of Shirshov to language theory are given: characterization of regular languages, characterization of bounded languages, and a sufficient condition for a language to be Parikh-bounded.
On Language Adequacy
2015
Abstract The paper concentrates on the problem of adequate reflection of fragments of reality via expressions of language and inter-subjective knowledge about these fragments, called here, in brief, language adequacy. This problem is formulated in several aspects, the most general one being: the compatibility of the language syntax with its bi-level semantics: intensional and extensional. In this paper, various aspects of language adequacy find their logical explication on the ground of the formal-logical theory of syntax T of any categorial language L generated by the so-called classical categorial grammar, and also on the ground of its extension to the bi-level, intensional and ex- tensio…
Naja, normal und normal. Zur Syntax, Semantik und Pragmatik der x-und-x-Konstruktion im Deutschen
2012
This article deals with the syntax, semantics and pragmatics of the x und x (‘x and x’) construction in German, cf. A: Schade, dass die [Schabracken] so teuer sind! B: Naja, teuer und teuer, wenn die Qualitat stimmt, dann finde ich den Preis okay. (A: ‘What a pity that the horsetrappers are so expensive!’ B: ‘Well, expensive and expensive, if the quality is good, the price is fine with me.’). The specific discourse function of this construction is to negotiate the situational meaning of a previously used lexical item. Typologically, it has been claimed that the pattern is language-specific for Scandinavian. The paper challenges this assumption, providing empirical evidence from a questionna…
On Heidegger’s Sofa: Some Remarks on Psychotherapy from Historical and Philosophical Points of View
2019
AbstractOur starting point in this article is that the question of the essence of psychotherapy has to some extent been neglected. Its medical context has strengthened the tendency to interpret psychotherapy in general from a technical and overtly rationalistic standpoint. Instead, we would underline the importance of the philosophical and historical roots of all psychotherapies. In our view, it is imperative to acknowledge the antirationalistic underpinnings that have always informed the discipline. We show how speculative mysticism and the late philosophy of Martin Heidegger have proved to be indispensable tools in setting psychotherapies in their philosophical and historical context. Rob…
Teoría de la educación : educación y cultura en la sociedad de la información
2015
Se presenta en este texto un problema específico dentro de una investigación más amplia sobre la pedagogía líquida considerada como un elemento característico de la postmodernidad. Se expone el significado de la metáfora líquida aplicada a la pedagogía y se discuten dos posibilidades de uso del significante «pedagogía líquida»: a) como imaginario pedagógico y b) como teoría de la educación. Se discute entender la pedagogía líquida como una teoría que nos sirva para articular una cierta idea de qué es y qué debe ser la educación. Se describen dos variantes posibles de la pedagogía líquida: a) con métodos sólidos para transmitir la tradición b) con métodos líquidos para dar lugar a posibilida…
Philosophy and language in young Nietzsche
2015
Resumo:O objetivo deste estudo é a exposição da filosofia da linguagem que Nietzsche apresenta em suas primeiras obras, sobretudo em seu decisivo escrito póstumo de 1873. São considerados três aspectos da trajetória de Nietzsche. Seu interesse pela linguagem poética e musical, desde a juventude; sua formação em filologia clássica; suas investigações filosóficas sobre o tema. Pretendemos mostrar como, nesse período, se parte de uma concepção metafísica para uma visão mais linguística. Nietzsche parte do fundamento metafísico para uma versão da linguagem como relação de signos e símbolos. Abstract:The purpose of this study is the explanation of the philosophy of language that Nietzsche presen…