Search results for "Phosphatidylethanol"
showing 10 items of 56 documents
Metabolic signatures across the full spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
2022
Funder: European Commission
Frequent Alteration of the Yin Yang 1/Raf-1 Kinase Inhibitory Protein Ratio in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
2011
The transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) can favor several aspects of tumorigenesis. In turn, Raf-1 Kinase Inhibitor Protein (RKIP) inhibits the oncogenic activities of MAPK and NF-κB pathways and promotes drug-induced apoptosis. Mutual influences between YY1 and RKIP may exist, and there are already separate evidences that relevant increases in YY1 and reductions in RKIP occur in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the levels of the two factors have never been concomitantly examined in HCC. We evaluated by RT-PCR the mRNA levels of YY1, YY1AP, RKIP, and survivin in 35 clinical HCCs (91% HCV-related), in their adjacent cirrhotic tissues and in 6 healthy livers. Immunohistochemical ana…
Plasma and fibroblasts of Tangier disease patients are disturbed in transferring phospholipids onto apolipoprotein A-I
1998
Plasmas of patients with Tangier disease (TD) lack lipid-rich α-HDL which, in normal plasma, constitutes the majority of high density lipoprotein (HDL). Residual amounts of apolipoprotein (apo)A-I in TD plasma occur as lipid-poor or even lipid-free preβ-HDL. By contrast to normal plasma, TD plasma does not convert preβ-HDL into α-HDL. Moreover, fibroblasts of TD patients were found to be defective in secreting cholesterol or phospholipids in the presence of lipid-free apoA-I. We have therefore hypothesized that both defective conversion of preβ-HDL into α-HDL and defective lipid efflux from TD cells onto lipid-free apoA-I result from a disturbance in phospholipid transfer occurring in both …
Ionotrophic 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor activates the protein kinase C-dependent phospholipase D pathway in human T-cells
1999
The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) ionotrophic receptor 5-HT3 in the activation of human Jurkat T-cells. 5-HT and 2-methyl-5-HT (2Me-5-HT), an agonist of the 5-HT3 receptor, induced increases in intracellular free Na+ concentrations, [Na+]i, via opening of the ionotrophic receptor in these cells. These two serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptaminergic) agents potentiated phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced T-cell activation. However, they failed to potentiate dioctanoglycerol-plus-ionomycin-stimulated T-cell blastogenesis. Interestingly, an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), GF 109203X, curtailed significantly 5-HT and 2Me-5-HT-potentiated T-c…
Patterns of Innate or Acquired Resistance to Anticancer Drugs: Our Experience to Overcome It
2021
Drug resistance, which is often of a multiple type, can be defined as the ability of cancer cells to obtain resistance to both conventional and novel chemotherapy agents. It remains a major problem to solve in cancer therapy. The mechanisms of resistance are multifactorial, and in our cellular models of acute myeloid leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma, and triple-negative breast cancer, it involves the NF-κB pathway. In our opinion, multitarget molecules can be considered as privileged compounds capable of attacking and reversing the resistant phenotype. In the phenomena of both innate and acquired drug resistance that we have been studying since 1998 to today and up to 2016 under the guida…
Analysis of Possible Mechanisms Accounting for Raf-1 Kinase Inhibitor Protein Downregulation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
2012
Abstract Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) is a tumor and metastasis suppressor that promotes drug-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. It is frequently downregulated, both at the mRNA and protein level, in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the mechanisms leading to this reduction are obscure. We sequenced the whole RKIP gene in three human HCC cell lines (HA22T/VGH, HepG2, and Hep3B), and in five clinical HCC samples, but could not find any gene variant that might account for their low RKIP levels. We also examined whether gene methylation may be responsible for the altered RKIP expression. No methylation of the RKIP gene was found in the tumor samples, while among the cell lines only …
Sphingomyelin inhibition of Ciona intestinalis (Tunicata) cytotoxic hemocytes assayed against sheep erythrocytes
1995
Hemocytes from the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis, are capable of lysing erythrocytes in vitro following cell membrane contact. With the aim of examining the mechanism of cytotoxicity, we performed inhibition experiments with lipid components of erythrocyte membranes. Cholesterol is not an inhibitor, whereas, among the phospholipids tested, (sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine) sphingomyelin inhibits the hemolytic activity of hemocytes. However, thin layer chromatography showed that sphingomyelinase activity was not contained in the chloroform-methanol extracts from hemocyte debris. The inhibition capacity of the components ceramide and phosphorylc…
Inhalable Formulation Based on Lipid–Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles for the Macrophage Targeted Delivery of Roflumilast
2022
Here, novel lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs), targeted to lung macrophages, were realized as potential carriers for Roflumilast administration in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To achieve this, Roflumilast-loaded fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles, based on a polyaspartamide-polycaprolactone graft copolymer, and lipid vesicles, made from 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-phosphoethanolamine-N-(polyethylene glycol)-mannose, were properly combined using a two-step method, successfully obtaining Roflumilast-loaded hybrid fluorescent nanoparticles (Man-LPHFNPs@Roflumilast). These exhibit colloidal size and a ne…
Polyphosphoinositide Metabolism and Golgi Complex Morphology in Hippocampal Neurons in Primary Culture is Altered by Chronic Ethanol Exposure
2012
Aims : Ethanol affects not only the cytoskeletal organization and activity, but also intracellular trafficking in neurons in the primary culture. Polyphosphoinositide (PPIn) are essential regulators of many important cell functions, including those mentioned, cytoskeleton integrity and intracellular vesicle trafficking. Since information about the effect of chronic ethanol exposure on PPIn metabolism in neurons is scarce, this study analysed the effect of this treatment on three of these phospholipids. Methods : Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) levels as well as the activity and/or levels of enzymes involved in their metabolism were analysed in neurons chronically exposed to ethanol. The level…
Euzebyella saccharophila gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae.
2010
Strain 7SM30T , an aerobic marine, Gram-negative, heterotrophic and yellow- to orange-pigmented bacterium isolated from seawater from Castellón, Spain, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the isolate represented a novel lineage within the family Flavobacteriaceae. The most closely related genera were Pseudozobellia, Zobellia and Kriegella. Cells of strain 7SM30T were non-motile rods that required sea salts for growth, used a wide variety of carbohydrates as sole carbon and energy sources and, unlike species of the genera Pseudozobellia and Zobellia, did not possess flexirubin-type pigment or hydrolyse agar. Strain 7SM30T containe…