Search results for "Phosphor"
showing 10 items of 1952 documents
Mineral metabolism and haemoglobin concentration among haemodialysis patients in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS)
2005
Bone and mineral metabolism is abnormal in most chronic haemodialysis patients and is associated with a high mortality risk. Because of possible pathogenic links between anaemia and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), the present study evaluated associations of mineral metabolism indicators with haemoglobin (Hb).Data were collected from 317 facilities (12 089 haemodialysis patients) in Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States by the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). The major outcome studied was probability of haemodialysis patients having a target Hb, per guidelines, of/=11 g/dl at ba…
Enhanced oxidative susceptibility and reduced antioxidant content of metabolic precursors of small, dense low-density lipoproteins.
2001
Abstract PURPOSE: Elevated plasma concentrations of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) increase risk for coronary heart disease. However, lipoprotein profiles rich in small, dense LDL particles confer greater risk than those that mainly consist of large, buoyant LDL. This may be due, in part, to the greater oxidative susceptibility of small, dense LDL. In the current studies, we tested whether differences in the oxidative behavior of buoyant and dense LDL arise from differences in their immediate metabolic precursors, intermediate-density lipoproteins. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We compared the properties of intermediate-density lipoproteins and buoyant and dense LDL subfractions in 9 subjects with …
Lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide metabolites in sedentary subjects and sportsmen before and after a cardiopulmonary test.
2012
Our aim was to investigate the effects of an exercise test on some indices of oxidative status and endothelial function, in trained and untrained subjects. We examined lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) and their ratio before and after a cardiopulmonary test, using a cycloergometer. We enrolled 60 male subjects who practiced sport unprofessionally, subdivided in two groups (A and B) according to the values of VO2max. Group A included sportsmen with poor or fair aerobic fitness (VO2max 39 ml/Kg/min). The control group included 19 male sedentary subjects. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated by detection of the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS); the NOx were evaluate…
Angiotensin converting enzyme has an inhibitory role in CGRP metabolism in human skin
2005
The neutral endopeptidase (NEP) is important for calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) degradation, while the role of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) remains unclear. By using dermal microdialysis we explored the effect of phosphoramidon (NEP blocker), captopril (ACE blocker) and a mixture of both drugs on the intensity of electrically-induced CGRP-mediated neurogenic flare. The results reveal that phosphoramidon elevated flare intensity, but that this was not further increased by adding captopril. In contrast, neurogenic flare was decreased when the drug mixture was applied in compared to NEP only. Electrically released CGRP levels could be measured directly in perfusates containing p…
Skeletal muscle fibre types, enzyme activities and physical performance in young males and females
1978
Differences in skeletal muscle characteristics, metabolic profiles and functional performance between males and females were investigated using young (15--24 yrs) male and female twins as subjects. The comparison included such variables as anthropometry, muscle strength, mechanical power, maximum oxygen uptake, electrical activation of muscle, muscle fibre composition (m. vastus lateralis), and activities of several skeletal muscle enzymes. The results disclosed the following primary differences between males and females: In the various functional tests the performance of females was from 61.1 to 84.6% of that in males; distribution of slow twitch fibres in m. vastus lateralis of the female…
Effect of exercise training on in vitro LDL oxidation and free radical-induced hemolysis: the HERITAGE Family Study.
2006
Oxidant stress and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease. Oxidative modifications of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are thought to play an early and critical role in atherogenesis. LDL oxidation can be reproduced in vitro, but results usually show a large interindividual variation not entirely explained by the environment. Free radical-induced hemolysis is also proposed to reveal the overall antioxidant capacity. The roles of genetic factors and exercise on the variability of both measures were investigated. The study was conducted in 146 healthy individuals from 28 families participating in a 20-week exercise-training progra…
Blood ethanol levels and adenylyl cyclase activity in lymphocytes of alcoholic patients
1999
Abstract Background: The adenylyl cyclase (AC) signal transduction pathway is a target of acute and chronic ethanol actions. This study examined whether AC activity in lymphocyte membranes of male alcoholic patients correlated with blood concentrations of ethanol. Methods: Patients ( n = 13; mean age: 40 ± 8 years) were studied on the day of admission (day 0) and 2 days later under detoxification. Moreover, 13 age-matched male healthy controls (mean age 40 ± 9 years) were included. Lymphocyte membranes were prepared by differential centrifugation whereby blood ethanol was washed out. As a measure of AC activity the formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) from adenosine triphospha…
Inhibition of neutral endopeptidase (NEP) facilitates neurogenic inflammation
2005
Neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) are involved in neuropeptide degradation and may modulate neurogenic inflammation. We therefore explored the effect of specific blockers of NEP and ACE on the intensity of neurogenic inflammation. We investigated eight subjects on three occasions. Two pairs of microdialysis fibers equipped with intraluminal wires were inserted intracutaneously into the volar forearms and electrical stimuli were delivered via the intraluminal electrodes. The microdialysis fibers were perfused either with normal saline, phosphoramidon (NEP inhibitor), or captopril (ACE inhibitor). CGRP release was assessed in the microdialysis eluate via a sp…
Investigation into the role of phosphodiesterase IV in bronchorelaxation, including studies with human bronchus.
1993
1. We have investigated the role of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase IV (PDE IV) in the relaxation of human bronchus and guinea-pig trachea in vitro and in guinea-pigs in vivo. 2. Functional studies showed that the selective PDE IV inhibitors, rolipram and denbufylline, relaxed human and guinea-pig preparations in vitro. 3. Two clinically used xanthine non-selective PDE inhibitors, theophylline and pentoxifylline, were also effective in these preparations, but were much less potent than the selective agents used. 4. The rank order of potency for the four PDE inhibitors in both species was similar. 5. Biochemical studies indicated that PDE IV was the major PDE isoform present in the human…
Lipid metabolism during exercise I: Physiological and biochemical characterization of normal healthy male subjects in relation to their physical fitn…
1978
On the basis of maximal oxygen uptake (\(\dot V\)O2 max) 18 normal, healthy men were divided into two groups of equal size: moderately trained subjects (MTR) each having \(\dot V\)O2 max below 65.0 ml·min−1·kg−1 body weight (54.0±8.3) and well trained subjects (WTR), whose \(\dot V\)O2 max exceeded 65.0 ml·min−1·kg−1 body weight (69.2±4.1). The WTR group had slightly (non significant, n.s.) higher percentage of slow twitch, oxidative (SO) fibers in M. vastus lateralis and higher (n.s.) activities of cytochrome c oxidase (CytOx), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (HADH), and citrate synthase (CS), while lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was lower (n.s.). In th…