Search results for "Photometry"
showing 10 items of 797 documents
Elevated levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol promote atherogenesis in ApoE-/- mice.
2018
Background The endocannabinoid (eCB) 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is a known modulator of inflammation and ligand to both, pro-inflammatory cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and anti-inflammatory CB2. While the role of both receptors in atherogenesis has been studied extensively, the significance of 2-AG for atherogenesis is less well characterized. Methods The impact of 2-AG on atherogenesis was studied in two treatment groups of ApoE-/- mice. One group received the monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL)-inhibitor JZL184 [5 mg/kg i.p.], which impairs 2-AG degradation and thus causes elevated 2-AG levels, the other group received vehicle for four weeks. Simultaneously, both groups were fed a high-chole…
Potential Antioxidant Activity of Calcium and Selected Oxidative Stress Markers in Lead- and Cadmium-Exposed Workers
2020
Occupational lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) exposure occurs during processing and casting of nonferrous metals such as zinc. In contrast to Pb and Cd, Ca is essential for living organisms due to its important role in a multitude of functions, from cell signaling to bone growth. Pb and Cd exposure affects calcium metabolism in various ways. The aim of this study was to investigate the blood levels of Pb, Cd, and Ca and the levels of selected oxidative stress biomarkers in workers exposed to Pb and Cd. Population groups included 264 male employees in a lead-zinc smelter. The study population was divided into two subgroups based on the median of Ca serum level (2.42 mmol/l): the low-Ca-level group…
Elevated advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) indicate metabolic risk in severely obese children.
2012
Abstract Background and aims The assessment of oxidative stress may aid in the identification of subsequent metabolic risk in obese children. The objective of this study was to determine whether the plasma level of advanced oxidation protein products, analyzed with a recently proposed modified assay that involves a delipidation step (mAOPPs), was related to metabolic risk factors (MRFs) in severely obese children. Methods and results The plasma levels of mAOPPs were determined by spectrophotometry in 54 severely obese and 44 healthy children. We also measured lipid peroxidation biomarkers (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, malondialdehyde, and 8-isoprotane F 2α ) and sulfhydryl group…
Effects of a water-soluble extract of rosemary and its purified component rosmarinic acid on xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver
2001
The effects of a water-soluble extract (WSE) of rosemary and its purified antioxidant rosmarinic acid (RA) on xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XME) were studied in rat liver after dietary administration. The modulation of phase I enzymes such as cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A, 2B, 2E1, 3A, and phase II enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase (GST), quinone reductase (QR) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) was evaluated by measuring enzyme activities with specific substrates. Protein levels of CYPs and rGST A1/A2, A3/A5, M1, M2 and P1 were measured using antibodies in Western blots. Caffeic acid was also studied because it results from RA biotransformation in rat after oral administration. Ma…
Evidence for pleural epithelial-mesenchymal transition in murine compensatory lung growth
2017
In many mammals, including rodents and humans, removal of one lung results in the compensatory growth of the remaining lung; however, the mechanism of compensatory lung growth is unknown. Here, we investigated the changes in morphology and phenotype of pleural cells after pneumonectomy. Between days 1 and 3 after pneumonectomy, cells expressing α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), a cytoplasmic marker of myofibroblasts, were significantly increased in the pleura compared to surgical controls (p < .01). Scanning electron microscopy of the pleural surface 3 days post-pneumonectomy demonstrated regions of the pleura with morphologic features consistent with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); nam…
DNA image cytometry. A prognostic tool in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus?
1991
In 45 patients who underwent an esophagus resection due to a squamous cell carcinoma, in addition to the TNM classification and usual morphologic criteria, the paraffin-embedded material underwent deparaffinization, was rehydrated, and was mechanically and enzymatically processed into a single-cell solution. For evaluating the DNA histogram this was analyzed with the help of automatic single-cell cytophotometric study. The method, contrary to that of flow cytometric study, allows for the selective analysis of tumor cells due to the electronically, previously given selection criteria, whereas artifacts, stroma, and infection cells remain excluded from analysis. The multivariate analysis show…
Measurement of Duloxetine in Blood Using High-performance Liquid Chromatography with Spectrophotometric Detection and Column Switching
2007
A method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with column switching and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy was developed for the determination of duloxetine in human plasma. After centrifugation and addition of venlafaxine as internal standard, plasma samples were injected into the HPLC system and precleaned on a column (10 x 4.0 mm) filled with cyanopropyl (CN)-modified silica of 20 microm particle size, with use of 8% (vol/vol) acetonitrile in deionized water as eluent. Duloxetine was eluted and separated on a LiChrospher 100 CN (5-microm particle size; column size, 250 x 4.6 mm I.D.) using acetonitrile-water-potassium dihydrogenphosphate trihydrate buffer (pH, 6.4; 50:50 vol/vo…
Metabolism of 3-hydroxychrysene by rat liver microsomal preparations
1990
3-Hydroxychrysene, a metabolite of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) chrysene, was metabolised by rat liver microsomal preparations obtained from Arochlor 1254-pretreated rats. Eight major metabolites were isolated by high performance liquid chromatography and characterised by u.v. spectroscopy and a variety of mass spectrometric techniques. The metabolites were unambiguously identified as 9-hydroxy-trans-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrochrysene and 9-hydroxy-r-1,t-2,t-3,c-4-tetrahydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrochrysene and tentatively identified as 3-hydroxy-trans-5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrochrysene (since chrysene is a symmetrical molecule the 3- and 9-positions are equivalent), 9-hydroxy-trans-…
Metachromatic staining and electron dense reaction of glycosaminoglycans by means of Cuprolinic Blue
1987
The cationic phthalocyanin-like dye Cuprolinic Blue, unlike phthalocyanin dyes such as Alcian Blue or Astra Blue, can definitely exhibit a clear metachromatic reaction with appropriate substrates. The application of Cuprolinic Blue to epoxy-embedded semithin sections revealed that mast cell cytoplasmic granules, goblet cell mucin and cartilage matrix stained in violet shades (metachromatic), whereas nuclear chromatin presented a bright blue coloration (orthochromatic). The metachromatic structures showed a high degree of contrast when ultrathin sections treated with Cuprolinic Blue were examined by electron microscopy. Cytophotometric measurements of stained components from the large intest…
The Effects of Sulphydryl Reagents on the Binding and Mixed Function Oxidation of Hexobarbital in Rat Hepatic Microsomes
1975
1. The effects of the sulphydryl reagents p-chloromercuribenzoate, N-ethylmaleimide and iodoacetamide on the binding spectrum, oxygen consumption and formation of a suspected substrate-cytochrome P-450-oxygen complex for hexobarbital in rat liver microsomes were investigated. 2. The oxygen consumption caused by hexobarbital oxidation was inhibited non-competitively by all three agents, with 50% inhibition at 4 times 10(-5) M for p-chloromercuribenzoate, 3-7 times 10(-4) M for N-ethylmaleimide and 1-9 times 10(-3) M for iodoacetamide. Cysteamine protected and at least partially reversed this inhibition. 3. p-chloromercuribenzoate inhibited the formation of the cytochrome P-450-substrate-oxyg…