Search results for "Phylogenetics"
showing 10 items of 777 documents
Similar rewarding effects of testosterone in mice rated as short and long attack latency individuals.
2002
An attempt was made to confirm and extend the findings of an earlier study on the rewarding properties of testosterone in male mice using conditioned place preference (CPP). Previous results had only partially demonstrated such an effect because the reinforcement depended on environmental cues such as the colour of the compartment. High individual variability was evident, suggesting that basal levels of aggressiveness may modulate such effects. Animals were pre-screened for aggressive behaviour and allocated to short and long attack latency (SAL and LAL) categories. Five days later the CPP procedure started. This involved pre-conditioning tests, conditioning and post-conditioning tests. SAL…
Cornea in acromegalic patients as a possible target of growth hormone action.
2010
Background: GH exerts its effects on many organs and the eye also seems to be a target site, although few authors have investigated the corneal thickness in patients with acromegaly. Aim: To perform a detailed ophthalmological evaluation in acromegalic patients, in relation to disease activity. Material and methods: Twenty-eight acromegalic patients (11 males, 17 females) and 22 voluntary healthy subjects underwent complete metabolic and ophthalmological evaluation, including retinal thickness (RT), central corneal thickness (CCT), and intraocular pressure values (IOP). Results: Significantly greater CCT values were found in all acromegalic patients in comparison with controls (567 vs 528.5…
Arylesterase Activity and Antioxidant Status Depend on PON1-Q192R and PON1-L55M Polymorphisms in Subjects with Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Disea…
2007
Human paraoxonase (PON1) exists in 2 major polymorphic forms and has been shown to protect LDL and HDL against oxidation. The aim of this study was to assess the differences between subjects at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), taking into account the effects of PON1-Q192R and PON1-L55M polymorphisms on 1) basal serum arylesterase activity, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-C, total cholesterol (TC), and oxidized-LDL (ox-LDL) concentrations; 2) the relations between arylesterase activity and lipid variables; and 3) the effect of walnut-enriched meat (WM) consumption on arylesterase activity and lipid variables. Twenty-three Caucasians at increased risk…
Critical limb ischaemia is characterised by an increased production of whole blood reactive oxygen species and expression of TREM-1 on neutrophils
2013
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process involving polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of the present study was to investigate the phenotype of inflammatory cells in regard to the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1 and its soluble form (sTREM-1) as well as its relationship with oxidative stress in peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients.In total 90 patients with PAD (N = 30 intermittent claudication (IC)300 m absolute walking distance, N = 30 IC300 m absolute walking distance, N = 30 critical limb ischaemia (CLI)) and 30 control persons were included. ROS formation was measured at basal or s…
Effects of heavy resistance/power training on maximal strength, muscle morphology, and hormonal response patterns in 60-75-year-old men and women.
2002
Eleven women (TRW; 64 ± 4 yrs) and ten men (TRM; 65 ± 5 yrs) participated in the strength/power training twice a week for 24 weeks. Basal concentrations of serum total and free testosterone, growth hormone (GH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), cortisol and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) as well as acute responses of serum total and free testosterone, growth hormone (GH) were measured. Maximal 1RM strength in the squat, chair rise time and muscle fibre distribution and areas of type I and IIa and IIb of the vastus lateralis were also examined. 1RM squat increased in TRW by 26 (SDIO) % (p < .001), and in TRM by 35(7) % (p < .001) and chair rise time improved in both groups…
Distribution of basal-expressed c-fos-like immunoreactive cells of the periaqueductal grey matter of the rat.
1996
The distribution of c-fos proto-oncogene expression has been studied in the periaqueductal grey matter (PAG) of non-intentional-stimulated rats by immunohistochemistry. A mean number of 53 +/- 9 Fos-like immunoreactive cells per hemiPAG, distributed into three groups, dorsolateral, lateral and ventrolateral, was found. The dorsolateral and the lateral groups appeared along the entire rostrocaudal PAG, whereas the ventrolateral group appeared only in the caudal half. These results reveal new data on the number and extent of the longitudinal columns within the hypothetical organization of the PAG. They also indicate a continuous activation of a significant population of neurones in the PAG, i…
Evening salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase at 14months and neurodevelopment at 4years: Sex differences.
2017
Stress system activity in early life can have long-term effects on neurodevelopment. The main aim of this study was to assess the association of child evening salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase basal levels at 14months of age with longer-term neuropsychological development at 4years in a low-risk population-based birth cohort derived from the INMA (Environment and Childhood) project in Spain. We included 186 parent-children pairs with information on both stress system activity and neurodevelopment. Both stress markers at 14months of age showed an association with neuropsychological development at 4years. Salivary cortisol showed a sex-specific pattern of association. In girls, cortisol lev…
Effect of different treatments in calcium-free medium on basal tone and contractile responses of guinea pig tracheae.
1995
Acetylcholine (ACh; 0.1 mmol/l) and KCl (80 mmol/l) induce a biphasic contractile response in isolated guinea pig tracheae maintained at 37 degrees C either in the presence or absence of extracellular Ca2+. Exposure of the tissue to Ca(2+)-free solution evokes a significant decrease in basal tone and the sources of Ca2+ appear to be decreased by prolonged agonist stimulation, and even more by successive agonist stimulation. After an incubation period of 20 min in Ca(2+)-containing solution, the response is restored. Mg(2+)-depletion in Ca(2+)-free medium increased the contractile response to ACh, but not to KCl, and delayed the tonic component of the next contraction elicited in Ca(2+)-cont…
Variability in individual response to various doses of omeprazole. Implications for antiulcer therapy.
1994
This study was carried out in order to perform a combined prospective assessment of the individual pharmacodynamic response and of duodenal ulcer healing in patients treated with three different doses of omeprazole. Ninety-nine patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcers were subdivided into three parallel groups of 33 cases, who were randomly assigned to receive orally at 0800 hr, in single blind fashion, either 10 mg, 20 mg, or 40 mg of omeprazole. All of them underwent continuous intragastric pH monitoring both in basal conditions and on the fifth day of each dose regimen; ulcer healing was then assessed endoscopically after four weeks of treatment. All three doses of omeprazole …
Basal growth hormone concentrations in blood and the risk for prostate cancer: A case-control study
2005
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between basal serum growth hormone (GH) levels and prostate cancer risk. METHODS We conducted a population-based case-control study; cases included 68 men, aged 45–85 years, diagnosed with incident, primary, histologically confirmed, and clinically apparent (stage B and higher) prostate cancer. Controls included 240 men, frequency matched on age and residential area. Age, race, BMI, waist circumference, history of enlarged prostate, education, and current smoking status, were all considered as possible confounders. RESULTS We found a statistically significant trend of decreasing prostate cancer risk across increasing GH quintiles, in both crude (OR: 0.31…