Search results for "Physical Medicine"

SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS ON TEENAGE PEDESTRIAN-BUS IMPACT

2019

This work studies the impact conditions between the adolescent pedestrian and the bus focusing on head and chest injury. The injury to the head is analyzed using both the Head Injury Criterion (HIC) 36 and the HIC15 parameters as established by the most advanced legislation and comparing the risk probability Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS3+) and AIS4+. The parameter HIC15 gives a higher probability of risk with lower values, and therefore it can be considered more conservative. Moreover, the study of chest injury is performed with two different biomechanical parameters: the Thoracic Trauma Index (TTI) and the TTI(d); the last neglects the pedestrian mass. The results indicate that the param…

Wheelchair half-marathon and marathon performance: The ‘Oita International Wheelchair Marathon’ 1983-2011

2013

Knechtle, B. & Lepers, R. (2013). Wheelchair half-marathon and marathon performance ‐ the ‘Oita International Wheelchair Marathon’ 1983-2011. J. Hum. Sport Exerc., 8(4), pp.974-985. We compared participation and performance trends of individuals with disabilities competing in the half- and full-marathon in the ‘Oita International Wheelchair Marathon’ from 1981 to 2011. The performance times decreased during the 1980’s until the middle 1990’s and stabilized thereafter for both half-marathoners and marathoners. The mean top five overall finishers times were 0:52±0:07 h:min for half-marathoners and 1:36 ±0:11 h:min for marathoners, respectively. The mean age of the finishers increased signific…

FREE-LIVING AND LABORATORY-BASED GAIT ASSESSMENTS PROVIDE CONGRUENT RESULTS AMONG 75-YEAR-OLD MEN AND WOMEN

2018

It is often wondered how representative laboratory-based assessments are of the free-living condition. Indeed, free-living gait is more predictive of self-reported falls history compared to laboratory-based gait. However, explicit explorations of the relationship between laboratory-based and free-living based gait parameters remain scarce. Therefore, this association was studied using a trunk-worn accelerometer during a laboratory-based 6-min walking test, and in free-living conditions (6 days) in a sample of 75-year-old men and women (N=77). Gait quantity (minutes of walking per day, distance covered for free-living and laboratory, respectively) and quality (assessed with multiscale entrop…

Specific muscle-tendon architecture in elite Kenyan distance runners

2013

The Achilles tendon moment arm (MA_AT) and foot lever ratio (FLR) can play important roles for force production and movement economy during locomotion. This notion has become more relevant, and suggestion has been given that the Kenyan runners belonging to the world elite would have specific anatomical, mechanical, and functional properties in their lower limbs and that this feature could be responsible for their high running economy. The present study aimed to characterize the AT of elite Kenyan distance runners as compared with Japanese ones, and to examine the potential relationship with their running performance. Ultrasonography was used to measure AT cross-sectional area and AT soleus …

Specific transfer effects following variable priority dual-task training in older adults

2016

International audience; Purpose: Past divided attention training studies in older adults have suggested that variable priority training (VPT) tends to show larger improvement than fixed priority training (FPT). However, it remains unclear whether VPT leads to larger transfer effects. Methods: In this study, eighty-three older adults aged between 55 and 65 received five 1-hour sessions of VPT, FPT or of an active placebo. VPT and FPT subjects trained on a complex dual-task condition with variable stimulus timings in order to promote more flexible and self-guided strategies with regard to attentional priority devoted to the concurrent tasks. Real-time individualized feedback was provided to e…

Neuromuscular and mobility responses to a vibration session in hypoxia in multiple sclerosis

2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of vibration training (WBVT) under hypoxic and normoxic conditions on the voluntary rate of force development (RFD), balance and muscle oxygen saturation (SMO2) in persons with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). 10 participants completed the study (30% males, 44.4±7.7 years, 164.3±8.9 cm, 65.2±11.1 kg, 2.5±1.3 Expanded Disability Status Scale, 24.1±4.0 kg.m−2 BMI). Maximal force, RFD during isometric knee extension, static balance with eyes open and closed and sit-to-stand test were evaluated before and immediately after one session of WBVT (12 60-s bout of vibration; frequency 35 Hz; amplitude 4 mm; 1-min rest intervals) under both n…

Kinematic characteristics of barefoot sprinting in habitually shod children

2018

Background Anecdotally, a wide variety of benefits of barefoot running have been advocated by numerous individuals. The influence of the alterations in the properties of the shoe on the running movement has been demonstrated in adults at submaximal jogging speeds. However, the biomechanical differences between shod and barefoot running in children at sprinting speeds and the potential developmental implications of these differences are still less examined. The purpose was to determine the potential differences in habitually shod children’s sprint kinematics between shod and barefoot conditions. Methods Ninety-four children (51 boys and 43 girls; 6–12 years-old; height, 135.0 ± 0.12 m; body…

2021

Functional proprioceptive information is required to allow an individual to interact with the environment effectively for everyday activities such as locomotion and object manipulation. Specifically, research suggests that application of compression garments could improve proprioceptive regulation of action by enhancing sensorimotor system noise in individuals of different ages and capacities. However, limited research has been conducted with samples of elderly people thus far. This study aimed to examine acute effects of wearing knee-length socks (KLS) of various compression levels on ankle joint position sense in community-dwelling, older adults. A total of 26 participants (12 male and 14…

Acute Effects on Impact Accelerations Running with Objects in the Hand

2021

Amateur runners usually run carrying implements in their hands (keys, a mobile phone, or a bottle of water). However, there is a lack of literature about the effects of different handloads on impact accelerations. Thus, this study aimed to analyse the effects of carrying different objects in the hand on impact accelerations during running. Nineteen male recreational runners (age 24.3 ± 6.8 years, training volume of 25 ± 7.38 km/week) performed twenty minutes of running on a treadmill at 2.78 m/s with four different conditions: no extra weight, with keys, with a mobile phone, and with a bottle of water. Impact acceleration and spatio-temporal parameters were analysed through a wireless triax…

Acute effects of short-duration isolated static stretching or combined with dynamic exercises on strength, jump and sprint performance

2013

Summary Objective This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of a short-duration isolated static stretching or combined with dynamic plyometric exercises on the performance of some anaerobic parameters (strength, jumping and sprinting). Methods During three distinct sessions and after a standardized warm-up, 15 participants randomly performed static stretching exercises alone, static stretching combined with plyometric exercises and no stretch. Total stretch duration was 20 seconds long per muscle group (quadriceps, hamstrings and calf muscles). Tests included maximal quadriceps muscle strength, countermovement jumps and 15 m sprints. Results Whatever the condition, maximal strength …