Search results for "Pines"

Happiness by personality traits: the mediating role of decision-making tendencies

Background: Prior work has shown that happiness is associated with high levels of extroversion and low levels of neuroticism; whereas conscientiousness and agreeableness have also been found to be moderately associated with subjective well-being and happiness.Nevertheless, the reasons why personality traits are linked to subjective well-being remain poorly interpreted. As a consequence, the identification of mediating variables could be strategic for better understanding of the reasons for well-being. One promising avenue has been the focus on individuals’ tendencies in decision-making which may alter happiness levels. The relationships between well-being and maximizing vs. satisficing tend…

Application of Inverse-Probability-of-Treatment Weighting to Estimate the Effect of Daytime Sleepiness in Obstructive sleep apnea patients

2022

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), the first line therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is considered effective in reducing daytime sleepiness. Its efficacy relies on adequate adherence, often defined as >4 hours per night. However, this binary threshold may limit our understanding of the causal effect of CPAP adherence and daytime sleepiness and multilevel approach for CPAP adherence can be more appropriate.

Rights, the Distribution of Wealth, and Happiness: Gaetano Filangieri’s Constitutional Ideal of Justice

2018

This article presents the ideal of distributive justice of Gaetano Filangieri whose realization is entrusted to the constitutional project elaborated in his work La Scienza della Legislazione. The article shows the main features which, in the outline of the Enlightenment, distinguish the core of the Filangerian proposal: the happiness of the nation needs an equitable distribution of wealth; the definition of the perfect model of justice is founded on an original utilitarian analysis which employs elements which anticipate the marginalism of the next century; to increase both the level of national welfare and the civic participation the laws have to improve the position of the least advantag…

Qualità della vita, benessere e salute: significati e metafore conoscitive della vita

2022

Over the last few years, terms such as health, subjective well-being, happiness, and quality of life have gained increasing attention both within and outside the scientific debate, sometimes even entering general speaking. It is probably due to the figure of Achille Ardigò (1988, 1997), the founder of the sociology of health in Italy, that we observe such interest in these topics. Recently, the relationship between health and society has developed under the sign of heterogeneity, drawing reflections on the quality of life (Maturo, 2009), the role of medicine (Giarelli and Vignera, 2004; Cipolla, 2004), the healthcare systems (Corposanto, 2007; Giarelli, 2005) and also on the perceived happi…

The influence of Span®20 on stratum corneum lipids in Langmuir monolayers: comparison with Azone®

2000

Recently we have proved that Span 20 has the same enhancer effect as Azone on in vitro percutaneous penetration of lipophilic compounds (logP(oct) from 1.34 to 2.33). The purpose of this work is to study the interactions of Span 20 with stratum corneum lipids monolayers and to compare them with Azone. The surface pressure-area characteristics of Span 20 in mixed monolayers with different model lipids (ceramides, cholesterol, free fatty acids and two mixtures of ceramides+cholesterol, and ceramides+cholesterol+free fatty acids) in similar proportions to that which exists in human stratum corneum lipids were recorded as compression isotherms at 25 degrees C. Azone was also investigated on mon…

Combination strategies for enhancing transdermal absorption of sumatriptan through skin

2006

The aim of the present work was to characterize in vitro sumatriptan transdermal absorption through human skin and to investigate the effect of chemical enhancers and iontophoresis applied both individually and in combination. A secondary objective was to compare the results obtained with those in porcine skin under the same conditions, in order to characterize the relationship between the two skin models and validate the porcine model for further research use. Transdermal flux of sumatriptan was determined in different situations: (a) after pre-treatment of human skin with ethanol, Azone (1-dodecyl-azacycloheptan-2-one), polyethylene glycol 600 and R-(+)-limonene, (b) under iontophoresis a…

Impact of an oral appliance on obstructive sleep apnea severity, quality of life, and biomarkers

2017

OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS To investigate outcomes including efficacy, quality of life, and levels of inflammatory markers of a mandibular advancement device (MAD) for moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). STUDY DESIGN Case-control study. METHODS Patients with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 15/hr who only accepted MAD therapy (study group) or who refused any treatment (control group) were recruited. At baseline and at 6 months, polysomnography, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were assessed in both groups. RESULTS At baseline, the study group (n …

Clinical manifestations of the anti-IgLON5 disease

2017

Objective:To report the presentation, main syndromes, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) association, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass in the anti-IgLON5 disease: a disorder with parasomnias, sleep apnea, and IgLON5 antibodies.Methods:This was a retrospective clinical analysis of 22 patients. The IgG subclass was determined using reported techniques.Results:Patients' median age was 64 years (range 46–83). Symptoms that led to initial consultation included sleep problems (8 patients; 36%), gait abnormalities (8; 36%), bulbar dysfunction (3; 14%), chorea (2; 9%), and cognitive decline (1; 5%). By the time of diagnosis of the disorder, 4 syndromes were identified: (1) a sleep disorder with paras…

Sleep disorders in menopause: Results from an Italian multicentric study

2016

Menopause in the female life cycle is a special period due to important hormonal, physical and psychological changes. Sleep disruption represents a common complaint for midlife and menopausal women, related to primary sleep disorders, including insomnia, sleep disordered breathing, restless legs syndrome (RLS), mood and anxiety disorder, other medical illness, hormonal-related vasomotor symptoms, and aging per se. Aims of our study were to evaluate the prevalence of sleep disorders in a sample of pre and post menopausal women, and to investigate the relationship between sleep and other medical disorders, and life habits. Among workers in the six participant centers, we enrolled 334 women, a…

The Effects of Individual Characteristics of the Naval Personnel on Sleepiness and Stress during Two Different Watchkeeping Schedules

2022

Background: Naval service can have a significant impact on the wellbeing of seafarers, and the operation of warships is highly dependent on the personnel on board. Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge concerning the impact of seafarers’ individual characteristics on their wellbeing in a naval environment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate individual characteristics of the naval personnel that may be associated with the amount of sleepiness, fatigue and stress responses experienced during shift work and irregular working hours in a naval environment. Methods: The study took place on a Finnish Defence Forces’ Navy missile patrol boat on which 18 crewmembers served as s…