Search results for "Piracy"

A bioweapon or a hoax? The link between distinct conspiracy beliefs about the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak and pandemic behavior

2020

During the coronavirus disease pandemic rising in 2020, governments and nongovernmental organizations across the globe have taken great efforts to curb the infection rate by promoting or legally prescribing behavior that can reduce the spread of the virus. At the same time, this pandemic has given rise to speculations and conspiracy theories. Conspiracy worldviews have been connected to refusal to trust science, the biomedical model of disease, and legal means of political engagement in previous research. In three studies from the United States ( N = 220; N = 288) and the UK ( N = 298), we went beyond this focus on a general conspiracy worldview and tested the idea that different forms of …

Too special to be duped: Need for uniqueness motivates conspiracy beliefs

2017

Adding to the growing literature on the antecedents of conspiracy beliefs, this paper argues that a small part in motivating the endorsement of such seemingly irrational beliefs is the desire to stick out from the crowd, the need for uniqueness. Across three studies, we establish a modest but robust association between the self-attributed need for uniqueness and a general conspirational mindset (conspiracy mentality) as well as the endorsement of specific conspiracy beliefs. Following up on previous findings that people high in need for uniqueness resist majority and yield to minority influence, Study 3 experimentally shows that a fictitious conspiracy theory received more support by people…

Spanish Adaptation of the Left-Wing Authoritarianism Index

2021

Notwithstanding long-simmering controversies around the construct, several studies have gathered consistent evidence of authoritarian attitudes among left-wing voters and activists. Recently, Costello et al. (Clarifying the structure and nature of left-wing authoritarianism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2021) validated, in the English-speaking context, a three-factor scale to measure left-wing authoritarianism, as well as two shortened versions of the same scale (Costello & Patrick, Development and initial validation of two brief measures of left-wing authoritarianism: A machine learning approach, 2021; composed of 39, 25 and 13 items, respectively). In this article, we use…

Does the platform matter? Social media and COVID-19 conspiracy theory beliefs in 17 countries

2021

While the role of social media in the spread of conspiracy theories has received much attention, a key deficit in previous research is the lack of distinction between different types of platforms. This study places the role of social media affordances in facilitating the spread of conspiracy beliefs at the center of its enquiry. We examine the relationship between platform use and conspiracy theory beliefs related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Relying on the concept of technological affordances, we theorize that variation across key features make some platforms more fertile places for conspiracy beliefs than others. Using data from a crossnational dataset based on a two-wave online survey cond…

Believing in Hidden Plots is Associated with Decreased Behavioral Trust: Conspiracy Belief as Greater Sensitivity to Social Threat or Insensitivity T…

2022

Abstract Past research has demonstrated that conspiracy belief is linked to a low level of self-reported general trust. In four experimental online studies (total N = 1105) we examined whether this relationship translated into actual behavior. Specifically, since the decision to trust relies on the ability to detect potential social threat, we tested whether conspiracy believers are better at detecting actual threat, worse at detecting the absence of threat, or simply trust less, irrespective of any social cue. To this end, participants played multiple, independent rounds of the trust game, a behavioral measure for interpersonal trust. We manipulated social threat by presenting photographs …

Globalizācija un patērētāju drošība. Gana-CEPS muitas akcīzes un profilakses dienesta gadījumu izpēte

2019

Pētījuma mērķis ir noskaidrot globalizācijas ietekmi uz patērētāju drošību, saskaņoti analizējot pasaules preču, pakalpojumu un viltošanas un pirātisma darbības, koncentrējoties uz Ganas ekonomiku. Pētījumā tika izmantoti primāri kvalitatīvie dati no Ganas akcīzes un profilakses pakalpojumiem (CEPS), lai noskaidrotu preču un pakalpojumu viltošanas un pirātisma pakāpi Ganā. Tas ir vispārējs pētījums, lai noteiktu viltošanas pakāpi no dažādām ekonomikas nozarēm; pārtikas produkti, dzērieni, farmācija, ķimikālijas, automobiļi, lauksaimniecība uc, analizējot ekspertu viedokļus un novērojumus, izmantojot strukturētu atklātu un slēgtu anketu dizainu. Pētījumu metodoloģijā tika izmantotas gan kval…

TRIPS Agreement: From Minimum Standards to Double Standards of Intellectual Property Rights Protection in North-South Relations

2015

The WTO Trips agreement's basic objective of establishing minimum international standards for IP rights protection is based on a restrictive " one-fits-all " approach that denies the right to enact or not to enact intellectual property rights provisions to developing countries and least developed countries and restrict their ability to effectively adapt national laws to their own socioeconomic environment and development level. Developed countries had widely benefited from this privilege when no minimum binding standards of intellectual property existed in multilateral relations. The Trips agreement stabilizes the strong inequalities in terms of bargaining power between rich and poor countr…

A Uniform Conspiracy Mindset or Differentiated Reactions to Specific Conspiracy Beliefs? Evidence From Latent Profile Analyses

2021

Conspiracy theories arise for virtually any public event (e.g., pandemics, assassinations, disasters). In light of positively correlated endorsements of such beliefs, many have pointed to a more general mindset behind this. Others have argued against this notion of a consistent mindset. Applying Latent Profile Analyses, we examine the evidence for either uniform or differentiated response patterns to various items in five studies (reanalyzed datasets, total N = 7877). Overall, the results speak strongly to uniform reactions that could be summarized as a general mindset, but also revealed important qualifications. First, small parts of the samples show more differentiated patterns in relatio…

Recenti tendenze di riforma del reato di conspiracy: ai confini della responsabilità penale del diritto inglese

2009

W sieci (obrazów, intryg i spisków) - na marginesie literackiej reprezentacji XIX wieku w prozie "Dominový efekt" Václava Vokolka

2023

The subject of this article is an analysis of the representation of the nineteenth century in Václav Vokolek’s multithreaded prose work Dominový efekt. The work can be regarded as a specific continuation of the work Cesta do pekel, especially if the pictorial perspective and the conviction that humanity is in a network of secret organisations, conspiracies and, nowadays, various systems are regarded as common points. In this text, the focus is mainly on the reconstruction of the figure of Ernst Gustav Doerell, a 19th- century landscape painter of Northern Bohemia, whose paintings reflected the changes taking place in the natural landscape of the region. Using the historical prototype in par…