Search results for "Piste"
showing 10 items of 1658 documents
Four steps to identify mechanisms of ICT4D: A critical realism-based methodology
2018
Human Systems Design: Towards an Integrative Conceptual Framework
2020
International audience; Conceiving artefacts and tools is one of the major key characteristics of the human species. Since the beginning of automation and even more since the spreading of computer science, this activity has become more and more challenging especially through the analysis of the different interaction modes between the artifacts and the human. Nowadays, developing an artifact that must interact with a human is requiring an integrative point of view which must include biological, physical and cybernetical concerns. The current norms aimed at characterizing the quality and the relevance of human machine interface are generally limited to standard interfaces and/or to specific d…
A naïve way of looking at fuzzy sets
2016
In this study, we consider the concept of a predicate (P) in a universe of discourse X from a specific viewpoint, i.e., the informational viewpoint with respect to its linguistic use. Its meaning and its different types are considered, particularly by considering the predicates that are "measurable" and designate a "collective" (P) in X, which is not always a classical subset of X. We show that the collective P manifests itself in different "states" or fuzzy sets, where knowledge and representation depend on the available information regarding the use of the predicate P in X. We also analyze the linguistic concept of a "collective" where the fuzzy sets are nothing other than informational s…
When Is an Affordance? Outlining Four Stances
2016
Part 3: Exploring Affect and Affordance; International audience; Affordance has emerged as a core concept in information systems (IS) research during the last decade. This relational concept is applied to understand and theorize the relationship between the social and the technical. In the works of the concept originator James Gibson, the relation was mainly portrayed as an ever-existing fact between the natural environment and an animal. In contrast, IS research focuses on relationships in-the-making between artificial things and human beings. In the IS context, we have identified vagueness in temporal and relational ontology: when do affordances exist and between whom or what? In this pap…
Introduction to Spreadsheet Modeling and Metaheuristics
2017
Models, as a simplified representation of reality, are used daily in an attempt to control or understand some aspects of a real system. Simplification of reality is the accepted view of the modeling process, which assumes that reality represents the absolute truth. Without getting too deep into a philosophical discourse, it is worth mentioning the notion of model-dependent realism, a phrase coined by physicists Stephen Hawkings and Leonard Molinow in their book The Grand Design. Model-dependent realism “is based on the idea that our brains interpret the input from our sensory organs by making a model of the world to aid in the decision-making process.” This implies that more than one model …
Model Co-creation from a Modeler’s Perspective: Lessons Learned from the Collaboration Between Ethnographers and Modelers
2018
This paper reports on the authors’ ongoing collaboration on model co-creation, a process that involves not only the reconciliation of methodologies (qualitative vs. quantitative), but also of epistemologies (empirical vs empirical/rationalist) and ontologies (observable referent vs. abstracted referent). The co-creation process has taken place over several months, from early 2017, both in person, teleconferencing and via email. The result was an ethnographic model of the refugee situation in Lesbos, Greece. The qualifier “ethnographic” means that the simulation’s purpose was to capture the problem situation described by ethnographers in a manner that resembles their observations, not to ans…
The changing functions of the mass media: A historical perspective
1989
New Approaches to Identity in Sport
2020
Welcome to this Special Issue of Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, which offers new theoretical, methodological and applied considerations on what we (the editors) regard as the important topi...
History and reality of the genus 'Homo' : what is it and why do we think so?
2017
Paleoanthropologists who worry about how nature is organized into species, and about what we should call them, are very often accused by their peers of «just arguing about names». This implies that basic taxonomy is a boring clerical operation that should be dispensed with as quickly as possible or even ignored, so that we can get to the really interesting questions about human evolution. Yet the reality is that we shall never understand the events of the intricate human evolutionary play if we cannot accurately identify the actors who participated in that drama. This article looks briefly at how our current supremely woolly concept of the genus Homo has come about, as background for urging…
Out of a creative jumble of ideas in the middle of last Century: Wiener, interdisciplinarity, and all that
2015
Is Biophysics an interdisciplinary science? In order to answer this rhetorical question, it can be useful to look back at history of disciplines, as well as that of the scientific institutions helping their development. In this contribution some aspects of the unusual hodgepodge of concepts involving Biophysics, the legacy of Cybernetics, cognitive science and the central figure of Norbert Wiener are presented and discussed.