Search results for "Pituitary Gland"
showing 10 items of 67 documents
Transfusional Hemochromatosis: Quantitative Relation of MR Imaging Pituitary Signal Intensity Reduction to Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
2000
To assess the relationship between magnetic resonance (MR) imaging pituitary signal intensity reduction in patients with transfusional hemochromatosis and the clinical manifestation of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.Pituitary MR imaging at 0.5 T was performed in 38 consecutive patients affected by secondary hemochromatosis and in 20 healthy volunteers. Serum ferritin levels were estimated in the affected population. Twenty (53%) of the 38 patients had hypogonadotropic hypogonadism diagnosed. Pituitary-to-fat signal intensity ratios were calculated from coronal gradient-echo (GRE) T2*-weighted MR images. The relationship between the quantitative reduction of the pituitary-to-fat signal intens…
Surgical complications after endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.
2009
Between January 2004 and June 2007 we conducted a retrospective analysis to assess post-operative complications related to endoscopic pituitary surgery in a series of 150 patients. Patients were treated with an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach to the sellar region for removal of pathological sellar and suprasellar lesions. We analysed the complications in groups according to the anatomical structures of the approach and the functional systems of the pituitary gland (anterior and posterior endocrine systems), and compared them to a large historical series using the traditional microsurgical transsphenoidal approach. Overall, we observed a decreased incidence of complications wit…
Thyroid function and release of thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin from the pituitary in human obesity
1991
Thyroid function, basal serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin concentrations, and the effects of 200 micrograms TSH-releasing hormone (TRH) given intravenously on TSH (delta TSH) and prolactin (delta prolactin) were investigated in 25 euthyroid obese subjects and 20 lean controls. No significant differences in serum thyroid hormone concentrations, glucose metabolism parameters, or basal TSH and prolactin concentrations were detected between groups, but a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in delta TSH and a significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in delta prolactin were observed in obese subjects. No significant differences in basal TSH and prolactin were observed in ob…
Study of pituitary secretion in relation to retinopathy in patients with juvenile diabetes mellitus.
1981
Fifteen juvenile diabetic patients with normal eye fundus, 6 with non proliferative retinopathy, 5 with proliferative retinopathy and 5 healthy control subjects were studied in order to investigate pituitary function in relation to diabetic retinopathy. ACTH values at 08(00) and 18(00), hPRL and TSh secretion in response to 200 microgram TRH i.v., and GH secretion in response to 500 mg oral L-dopa were evaluated. In all diabetic subjects, 08(00) ACTH levels were lower than in controls. Basal hPRL, TSH and GH values of the diabetics did not differ from those of the controls. No significant differences were found in hPRL levels in response to TRH, whereas significantly lower TSH responses wer…
Magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary gland in patients with secondary hypogonadism due to transfusional hemochromatosis
1999
To identify pituitary iron overload in patients with transfusional hemochromatosis causing secondary hypogonadism, we prospectively evaluated signal intensity abnormalities of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland of 18 patients affected by transfusion-dependent thalassemia major and secondary hypogonadism. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is useful to assess pituitary iron overload in patients with transfusional hemochromatosis and secondary hypogonadism by detection of a significant decreased signal intensity of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland on GRE T2*-weighted images. The decreased signal intensity of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland on GRE T2*-weighted images was co…
Age-related accumulation of congophilic fibrillar inclusions in endocrine cells
1991
Intracellular fibrillar congophilic inclusions are well known as neurofibrillary tangles in neurons and as Biondi bodies in choroid plexus epithelial cells. Recently similar amyloid-like inclusions in adrenal cortical cells were described (Eriksson and Westermark 1990). This study on 150 adrenal glands confirms these observations. In our material the age-related accumulation of congophilic inclusions starts earlier (in the sixth decade) and reaches a higher incidence (42.7%). We found similar intracellular inclusions in other endocrine organs, for example in the anterior lobe of the pituitary, in the cells of parathyroid glands and in Sertoli cells. The age-related incidence of these fibril…
Developmental Changes and Daily Rhythm in Melatonin-Induced Inhibition of 3′,5′-Cyclic AMP Accumulation in the Rat Pituitary
1990
Melatonin's transduction mechanisms were investigated using in vitro cultured anterior hemipituitaries. Melatonin inhibited cAMP and 3',5'-cyclic GMP accumulation in neonatal rat anterior pituitary stimulated with LHRH. Maximal inhibitory effect was reached within 25 min and persisted for at least 20 min. Inhibition of cAMP accumulation is specific for melatonin because its analogs N-acetylserotonin and 5-methoxytryptamine are 1000 times less potent. Melatonin effect is age- and time-dependent. Marked inhibition was observed in 5-, 10-, and 14-day-old rats but not in 29-day-old ones. Melatonin was significantly more potent when applied at the end of the light period as compared with the fir…
Modulation by fenoldopam (SKF 82526) and bromocriptine of the electrically evoked release of vasopressin from the rat neurohypophysis. Effects of dop…
1986
1. Single neurointermediate lobes were fixed by their stalks to a platinum wire electrode and incubated in Krebs-bicarbonate solution. Vasopressin release into the medium was determined by a radioimmunoassay. Vasopressin secretion was increased by electrical stimulation (15 Hz, 10 s trains with 10 s intervals for 10 min). 2. Fenoldopam (SKF 82526) had a dual effect on vasopressin release, 30 nM decreasing (by 30%) and 3 μM increasing (by 32%) the evoked vasopressin secretion. The facilitatory effect of fenoldopam was antagonized in a concentration-dependent manner by flupenthixol but not by sulpiride. Sulpiride (1 μM) prevented the inhibitory effect of fenoldopam (30 μM). 3. After pretreatm…
Metabolic impact of adult-onset, isolated, growth hormone deficiency (AOiGHD) due to destruction of pituitary somatotropes.
2011
Growth hormone (GH) inhibits fat accumulation and promotes protein accretion, therefore the fall in GH observed with weight gain and normal aging may contribute to metabolic dysfunction. To directly test this hypothesis a novel mouse model of adult onset-isolated GH deficiency (AOiGHD) was generated by cross breeding rat GH promoter-driven Cre recombinase mice (Cre) with inducible diphtheria toxin receptor mice (iDTR) and treating adult Cre(+/-), iDTR(+/-) offspring with DT to selectively destroy the somatotrope population of the anterior pituitary gland, leading to a reduction in circulating GH and IGF-I levels. DT-treated Cre(-/-), iDTR(+/-) mice were used as GH-intact controls. AOiGHD im…
Salivary gland choristoma in the buccinator muscle: A case report and literature review
2015
Salivary gland choristoma (SGCh) is defined as the presence of normal salivary tissue in an abnormal location. It is a rare entity in oral and maxillofacial region and its ethiology is unknown. The typical presentation of salivary gland heterotopia is an asymptomatic mass that may or may not produce saliva. Some examples of ectopic salivary tissue in the pituitary gland, in the lymph nodes, in the middle ear, in the neck, in the jaw, in the thyroid gland, in the mediastinum and in the rectum have been documented in literature. We report the case of a 61-year-old male presented with a bilateral tumorlike mass in the cheek. The mass was painless, of fibrous consistency and had size change wit…