Search results for "Planetary Science"

Centres and peripheries in Finland: Granger causality tests using panel data

2009

Abstract Despite their importance from a policy point of view, empirical studies on the effects of growth centres in their regions are rare. This paper analyses mutual relationships between growth processes in centres and their surrounding hinterlands in 19 Finnish regions. Annual population data from the period 1970–2004 are used. A novel testing procedure based on an extension of the Granger causality definition in a panel data context is applied. Heterogeneity between regions is allowed. Both the homogeneous non-causality hypothesis and the homogeneous causality hypothesis are rejected. Causal processes prove to be heterogeneous. Causality from centres to peripheries is found for nine re…

Flood processes and morphological changes in aggradational ephemeral rivers. Reconstruction of the October 1957 flood in the Rambla Castellarda (Spai…

2022

During the latter half of the twentieth century, Mediterranean ephemeral rivers underwent a profound metamorphosis. Fluvial adjustment processes narrowed the channels, simplified their planform pattern and notably reduced sediment availability. Today, this makes it extremely difficult to analyse the behaviour of this type of river in former aggradational contexts, such as those seen at the middle part of the twentieth century. For this reason, this paper addresses a reconstruction and analysis of the 1957 flood that occurred in the Rambla Castellarda, a tributary of the Turia river. The research is based, among other sources, on a series of extraordinary, high-precision aerial photographs c…

Systemic risks perspectives of Eyjafjallajökull volcano's 2010 eruption

2023

In 2010, southern Iceland's Eyjafjallajökull volcano erupted, releasing ash that spread across Europe. Due to its potential to damage aircraft, much of European airspace was closed for six days. Known problems were brought to the forefront regarding the anticipation of and response to systemic risks. To contribute a deeper understanding of this situation, this paper explores this disaster through its fundamental causes and cascading impacts, highlighting perspectives from disaster risk reduction, complexity sciences, and health in order to support analysis and resolution of systemic risks. Two principal future directions emerge from this work. First, how to manage dependency on air travel. …

Innovation in small regions

2015

Field analysis of industrial development in a peripheral region of Norway

2022

The paper explores how industrial development can occur in a peripheral region through the gradual development of strategic coherence between organisations, materiality, and agency. In a longitudinal case study of how the mechatronics industry became a main area for regional development spanning 50 years in the region of Agder in Norway, the authors have followed how national and regional innmovation policies, individual actors, and organisational strategies eventually flow together and influence organisations and firms to collaborate towards new and shared aims. In the paper, the authors perform field theory analysis, with emphasis on the significance of the development of reciprocal relat…

Policy to support digitalisation of industries in various regional settings. A conceptual discussion

2022

The purpose of the article is to analyse regions’ varying preconditions for digitalisation of industry and, on that basis, discuss regionally tailored policy strategies to stimulate digitalisation. Building on both regional innovation system and asset modification approaches, the authors suggest a theoretical framework that identifies regions’ potential for digitalisation from their stock of relevant assets at the firm and innovation system level. The analysis identifies four types of regions with different preconditions for supporting digitalisation of industries. This in turn provides the foundation for a discussion of the role of actor-based and system-based policy strategies to support …

Estimación de la fAPAR sobre la Península Ibérica a partir de la inversión del modelo de transferencia radiativa 4SAIL2

2014

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en la estimación de la fAPAR en la Península Ibérica a partir de datos MODIS. En primer lugar, se ha simulado un conjunto de datos de reflectividades y de fAPAR a partir de los modelos de transferencia radiativa de hoja (PROSPECT) y de cubiertas heterogéneas (4SAIL2). En segundo lugar, se ha entrenado un conjunto de redes neuronales artificiales (RNAs) para obtener mediante inversión la relación entre la fAPAR y las reflectividades simuladas y así calcular, por último, la fAPAR de la Península Ibérica a partir de imágenes de reflectividad de MODIS. Además, se ha analizado la influencia de la configuración de observación e iluminación, nadir y oblicua. La…

Benestar i rendiment laboral en empleats d'oficines : el rol dels patrons de treball

2016

L’objectiu d’aquest treball és posar de manifest la importància d’estudiar els patrons de treball que tenen en compte les diferents activitats que els empleats en oficines duen a terme al seu lloc de treball i, per tant, contribuir a un disseny més adequat del context i/o contingut i a assegurar unes condicions més adequades, per a un bon rendiment.

The influence of geography on the spatial agglomeration of production in the European Union

2012

Abstract We investigate the relative impact of geographic features on the location of production in the European Union. Specifically, we attempt to quantify how much of the spatial pattern of GDP can be attributed to exogenous first-nature elements alone and how much can be derived from endogenous second-nature factors. In order to disentangle both effects empirically, we control for second-nature factors. A method based on the decomposition of the per capita GDP variance is applied to a panel of 1,171 European NUTS 3 regions for 2006. We demonstrate that variable and model misspecifications may bias results unless proper allowance is made for spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogenei…

Palaeoenvironmental significance of the mammalian faunas of Italy since the Pliocene

2002

The evolution of mammalian communities is a significant tool for reconstructing past environments and climate. In this paper, a palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction based on the study of the Italian mammal faunas ranging from Middle Pliocene to the Holocene is presented using the cenogram method and quantification of temperatures based on arvicolid species richness. These analyses reveal open and arid conditions during glacial periods and less open and more humid conditions during interglacials, with some differences between north and central–south Italy. Northern and Southern communities reflect similar trends in the evolution of palaeoenvironments and in the variation o…