Search results for "Plant Breeding"
showing 10 items of 51 documents
Why no tetraploid cultivar of foxtail millet?
2004
Autotetraploid material was induced by colchicine treatment of a pure line of foxtail millet and an interspecific hybrid between foxtail millet and giant green foxtail. Compared with diploid material, tetraploids were smaller, flowered later, and had a two-fold reduced fertility (number of grain per cm of spike). Grain weight increased by 20% with polyploidy, but total grain yield decreased by 46%. This work illustrates the difficulty of breeding polyploid lines of foxtail millet that are of agronomic use.
Arginase induction represses gall development during clubroot infection in Arabidopsis.
2012
Arginase induction can play a defensive role through the reduction of arginine availability for phytophageous insects. Arginase activity is also induced during gall growth caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae infection in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana; however, its possible role in this context has been unclear. We report here that the mutation of the arginase-encoding gene ARGAH2 abrogates clubroot-induced arginase activity and results in enhanced gall size in infected roots, suggesting that arginase plays a defensive role. Induction of arginase activity in infected roots was impaired in the jar1 mutant, highlighting a link between the arginase response to clubroot and jasmonate signaling. C…
Permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 April 2010 - 31 May 2010
2010
Correspondance: Molecular Ecology Resources Primer Development Consortium, E-mail: editorial.office@molecol.com; International audience; This article documents the addition of 396 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Anthocidaris crassispina, Aphis glycines, Argyrosomus regius, Astrocaryum sciophilum, Dasypus novemcinctus, Delomys sublineatus, Dermatemys mawii, Fundulus heteroclitus,Homalaspis plana, Jumellea rossii, Khaya senegalensis, Mugil cephalus, Neoceratitis cyanescens, Phalacrocorax aristotelis, Phytophthora infestans, Piper cordulatum, Pterocarpus indicus, Rana dalmatina, Rosa pulverulenta, Saxifraga …
S-nitrosylation: An emerging post-translational protein modification in plants
2011
International audience; Increasing evidences support the assumption that nitric oxide (NO) acts as a physiological mediator in plants. Understanding its pleiotropic effects requires a deep analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying its mode of action. In the recent years, efforts have been made in the identification of plant proteins modified by NO at the post-translational level, notably by S-nitrosylation. This reversible process involves the formation of a covalent bond between NO and reactive cysteine residues. This research has now born fruits and numerous proteins regulated by S-nitrosylation have been identified and characterized. This review describes the basic principle of S-n…
An early Ca2+ influx is a prerequisite to thaxtomin A-induced cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana cells
2008
International audience; The pathogenicity of various Streptomyces scabies isolates involved in potato scab disease was correlated with the production of thaxtomin A. Since calcium is known as an essential second messenger associated with pathogen-induced plant responses and cell death, it was investigated whether thaxtomin A could induce a Ca 2+ influx related to cell death and to other putative plant responses using Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cells, which is a convenient model to study plant–microbe interactions. A. thaliana cells were treated with micromolar concentrations of thaxto-min A. Cell death was quantified and ion flux variations were analysed from electrophysiological measu…
Lack of specialist nidicoles as a characteristic of mite assemblages inhabiting nests of the ground-nesting wood warbler, Phylloscopus sibilatrix (Av…
2021
AbstractBird and mammal nests provide microhabitats that support a range of other species, including invertebrates. However, the variation between communities of nest-dwelling invertebrates in different nests is poorly understood. The major aim of this study was to analyze the assemblage structure of mites from the suborder Uropodina (Acari: Mesostigmata) and from superfamily Crotonioidea (Acari: Oribatida) inhabiting nests of the wood warbler, Phylloscopus sibilatrix (Aves: Passeriformes), located on a forest floor in Białowieża Forest, in eastern Poland. We also assessed the correlation between the nest material used by the birds with the assemblage structure of Uropodina mites, and compa…
Polymorphism for interspecific hybridisation within a population of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) pollinated by oilseed rape (Brassica napus)
2001
The within-population polymorphism of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) for interspecific hybridisation with two cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) was investigated by hand crossing experiments and fluorescence microscopy. Wide variability among plants was observed in the ability of oilseed rape pollen to germinate on the wild radish stigma; the frequency of pistils showing pollen tubes ranged from 0 to 1, depending on the female plant. The ratio of fertilised ovules to the total number of ovules in ovaries where pollen tubes arrived ranged from 0.02 to 0.51. Overall, the results provide evidence for the presence of different phenotypes. In 40% of the plants, pistils had no or ver…
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and root system functioning.
2013
International audience; The rhizosphere supports the development and activity of a huge and diversified microbial community, including microorganisms capable to promote plant growth. Among the latter, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) colonize roots of monocots and dicots, and enhance plant growth by direct and indirect mechanisms. Modification of root system architecture by PGPR implicates the production of phytohormones and other signals that lead, mostly, to enhanced lateral root branching and development of root hairs. PGPR also modify root functioning, improve plant nutrition and influence the physiology of the whole plant. Recent results provided first clues as to how PGPR s…
Attraction of Trichogramma Wasps to Butterfly Oviposition-Induced Plant Volatiles Depends on Brassica Species, Wasp Strain and Leaf Necrosis
2021
Within the Brassicaceae, wild as well as crop species are challenged by specialist herbivores including cabbage white butterflies (Pieris spp.). The wild crucifer Brassica nigra responds to oviposition by Pieris butterflies by the synergistic expression of two egg-killing traits. Genotypes that express a hypersensitive response (HR)-like necrosis (direct egg-killing) also emit oviposition-induced plant volatiles (OIPVs) attracting Trichogramma egg parasitoids (indirect egg-killing). This so-called double defense line can result in high butterfly egg mortalities. It remains unknown whether this strategy is unique to B. nigra or more common in Brassica species. To test this, we examined the r…
Recent Progress and Recommendations on Celiac Disease From the Working Group on Prolamin Analysis and Toxicity
2020
Celiac disease (CD) affects a growing number of individuals worldwide. To elucidate the causes for this increase, future multidisciplinary collaboration is key to understanding the interactions between immunoreactive components in gluten-containing cereals and the human gastrointestinal tract and immune system and to devise strategies for CD prevention and treatment beyond the gluten-free diet. During the last meetings, the Working Group on Prolamin Analysis and Toxicity (Prolamin Working Group, PWG) discussed recent progress in the field together with key stakeholders from celiac disease societies, academia, industry and regulatory bodies. Based on the current state of knowledge, this pers…