Search results for "Plaque"
showing 10 items of 334 documents
In vitro fibrillogenesis of the amyloid beta 1-42 peptide: cholesterol potentiation and aspirin inhibition.
2002
Understanding the formation of extracellular amyloid neurofibrillar bundles/senile plaques and their role in the development of Alzheimer's disease is of considerable interest to neuroscientists and clinicians. Major components of the extracellular neurofibrillar bundles are polymerized amyloid beta (Abeta) peptides (1-40), (1-42) and (1-43), derived in vivo from the soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPP) by proteolytic (beta- and gamma-secretase) cleavage. The Abeta(1-42) peptide is widely considered to be of greatest significance in relation to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. A well-defined ultrastructural characteristic within Alzheimer dense plaques is the presence of helical…
Synthesis and evaluation of 18F-fluoroethylated benzothiazole derivatives for in vivo imaging of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease
2010
Amyloid aggregates play a major role in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Targeting these aggregates by PET probes enables non-invasively the detection and quantification of amyloid deposit distribution in human brains. Based on benzothiazole core structure a series of amyloid imaging agents were developed. Currently [(11)C]2-(4'-(methylamino)phenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole (Pittsburgh Compound-B (PIB) is the most specific and widely used amyloid imaging ligand. But due to the short half life of (11)C, longer lived (18)F-labeled derivatives offer logistic advantages and higher contrast images. In this work, three different [(18)F]fluoroethoxy-substituted benzothiazole derivatives ([(18…
Apolipoprotein E polymorphism is associated with both senile plaque load and Alzheimer-type neurofibrillary tangle formation.
1996
Recent work provided evidence that the apolipoprotein (apo) E polymorphism is associated with late-onset sporadic Alzheimer's disease. The major histological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease are the extraneuronal deposition of A4/beta-amyloid and the intraneuronal formation of neurofibrillary tangles, the latter correlating strongly with the psychometric status. We examined the relationship between the apo E polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease-related histological changes using a staging system which accounts for the progression of the disease over time and correlates well with the cognitive decline ante mortem. We observed a significant positive correlation between both neurofibrillary ch…
Apolipoprotein E polymorphism influences not only cerebral senile plaque load but also Alzheimer-type neurofibrillary tangle formation.
1995
Only recently, evidence was provided that apolipoprotein E allele epsilon 4 located on Chromosome 19 is associated with late onset (i.e. senile) sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Histologically, Alzheimer's disease is associated with intraneuronal neurofibrillary changes and extraneuronal A4/beta-amyloid deposition. We set out with a histological staging system which considers the gradual development of Alzheimer's disease-related histological changes over time and correlates highly with the cognitive decline ante mortem. Our analysis revealed that both the mean stage for A4/beta-amyloid deposits and the mean stage for neurofibrillary tangles get significantly shifted upwards in epsilon 4-carri…
Inhibition of endocannabinoid-degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase increases atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in mice
2013
The role of endocannabinoids such as anandamide during atherogenesis remains largely unknown. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) represents the key enzyme in anandamide degradation, and its inhibition is associated with subsequent higher levels of anandamide. Here, we tested whether selective inhibition of FAAH influences the progression of atherosclerosis in mice. Selective inhibition of FAAH using URB597 resulted in significantly increased plasma levels of anandamide compared to control, as assessed by mass spectrometry experiments in mice. Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice were fed a high-fat, cholesterol-rich diet to induce atherosclerotic conditions. Simultaneously, mice recei…
The size of juxtaluminal hypoechoic area in ultrasound images of asymptomatic carotid plaques predicts the occurrence of stroke
2013
Abstract OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the size of a juxtaluminal black (hypoechoic) area (JBA) in ultrasound images of asymptomatic carotid artery plaques predicts future ipsilateral ischemic stroke. METHODS: A JBA was defined as an area of pixels with a grayscale value 10 mm(2) (P 8 mm(2)) was still significant after adjusting for other plaque features known to be associated with increased risk, including stenosis, grayscale median, presence of discrete white areas without acoustic shadowing indicating neovascularization, plaque area, and history of contralateral TIA or stroke. Plaque area and grayscale median were not significant. Using the significant variables (stenosis, discr…
Carotid plaque detection improves the predictve value of CHA2DS2-VASc score in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrilation: The ARAPACIS Study
2017
Abstract Background and aims Vascular disease (VD), as assessed by history of myocardial infarction or peripheral artery disease or aortic plaque, increases stroke risk in atrial fibrillation (AF), and is a component of risk assessment using the CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score. We investigated if systemic atherosclerosis as detected by ultrasound carotid plaque (CP) could improve the predictive value of the CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score. Methods We analysed data from the ARAPACIS study, an observational study including 2027 Italian patients with non-valvular AF, in whom CP was detected using Doppler Ultrasonography. Results VD was reported in 351 (17.3%) patients while CP was detected in 16.6% patients. Ad…
Efficacy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in assessing the Prognosis of Atherosclerotic plaques in patients under Statin Therapy: A Systematic Review of…
2021
The current study aims to conduct a systematic review on the efficacy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in assessing the Prognosis of Atherosclerotic plaques in patients under Statin Therapy. For this purpose, the existing studies focusing on these criteria and the clinical trials and studies have been focused upon. The time frame set for the evaluation of the present literature and findings has been set at the previous decade i.e. the studies of the previous 10 years have been searches through authentic databases and the data related to the current topic has been extracted through efficient sources and reviewers. All the details about MRI efficacy in the assessment of prognosis of Athero…
Lipofuscin Hypothesis of Alzheimer’s Disease
2011
The primary culprit responsible for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains unknown. Aβ protein has been identified as the main component of amyloid of senile plaques, the hallmark lesion of AD, but it is not definitively established whether the formation of extracellular Aβ deposits is the absolute harbinger of the series of pathological events that hit the brain in the course of sporadic AD. The aim of this paper is to draw attention to a relatively overlooked age-related product, lipofuscin, and advance the hypothesis that its release into the extracellular space following the death of neurons may substantially contribute to the formation of senile plaques. The presence of intraneuronal Aβ, sim…
Inflammation, genes and zinc in Alzheimer's disease.
2007
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous and progressive neurodegenerative disease which in Western society mainly accounts for clinical dementia. AD has been linked to inflammation and metal biological pathway. Neuro-pathological hallmarks are senile plaques, resulting from the accumulation of several proteins and an inflammatory reaction around deposits of amyloid, a fibrillar protein, Abeta, product of cleavage of a much larger protein, the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and neurofibrillary tangles. Amyloid deposition, due to the accumulation of Abeta peptide, is the main pathogenetic mechanism. Inflammation clearly occurs in pathologically vulnerable regions of AD and several i…