Search results for "Policy Making"
showing 10 items of 31 documents
Use of Social Reference Groups in Sport Policy Making
1991
Based on reference group theory the purpose of the present study was to determine how sport political decision-makers acted while making decisions, and which reference groups and backgrounds they selected for supporting their behavior. Furthermore, the aim was to find out how the reference group strategy of decision-makers had changed since the middle of the 1970's (Olin, 1982). A sample of 1788 officials and appointed representatives from 167 cities in Finland were selected for the study. The results indicated that the reference groups and backgrounds the majority of the decision-makers chose as bases for their decision behavior in order of descending importance were: the city officials p…
The contested concept of vulnerability – a literature review
2018
The concept of vulnerability is widely used in the social sciences as well as in policy making, health and social care services and in social work, referring to a variety of groups or individuals, ...
Typology of think tanks: A comparative study in Finland and Scotland
2021
This paper provides a comparative analysis of current Finnish and Scottish think tanks and reviews how think tanks in these countries have evolved, how think tanks seek to influence decision making and engage with their stakeholders. To address the ways of influence this paper looks how Finnish and Scottish think tanks describe themselves and how they use publications in their advocacy. Conducted content analysis indicates that usually registered association based Finnish think tanks are generally more research-focused organisations, who overall deploy more research publications for advocacy than the company based Scottish think tanks. Findings also reveal that the number of think tanks in …
Sport Policy Development in China: Legacies of Beijing’s 2008 Summer Olympic Games and 2022 Winter Olympic Games
2019
The aim of this article is to explore Olympic-led sport policy changes (as part of Olympic legacy) for China triggered by the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. Although there has been a burgeoning of research interest in analysing Olympic-triggered changes and legacies, with focus on various areas such as economic, sociocultural, and environmental issues, little is known about the changes that the hosting of the Olympics Games stimulates in a host nation’s sport policy. Drawing from policy document analysis, the paper reveals that the two Olympic Games collectively helped to expand the role and value of sport in China and to elevate the status of mass sport. In terms o…
Multifunctionality: refocusing a spreading, loose and fashionable concept for looking at sustainability?
2008
International audience; The notion of agriculture's Multifunctionality (MF) emerged in the 1980s. It then followed two trajectories since the 1990s: a conflicting period linked to its use in the international trade negotiations on the one hand, a spreading in terms of meaning, use and geographically on the other hand. Specific meanings appeared in connection with policy making, at national or international levels, or through the involvement of new disciplines. Yet, very few authors discuss the implication of the chosen meaning on their findings. To explore and take advantage of using this word and to deliver it from its controversial use in international trade negotiations, it is absolutely…
Speculation and Justification in Policy-Making on Neuroenhancement
2013
Neuroscientific findings allow interventions in the human brain to improve its function or modify mental states even without medical indication. This procedure, termed as neuroenhancement, is subject to a broad ethical debate. As neuroenhancement is an evolving phenomenon, the debate is necessarily future-oriented and highly dependent on information about future developments. It remains an open question to what degree uncertain forecasting or even speculation should be considered in the ethical debate and policy-making. I propose to distinguish between arguments with three different purposes: intuition-forming, self-reflecting and justifying arguments. Adequate standards are required for al…
Sustainability, Governance and Policy Making
2005
Environmental law is normally aimed at regulating the activities of private as well as public actors so to avoid or reduce damages to the environment. This is often done by forbidding or at least discouraging some conducts, seen as harmful. A strict legal approach is normally oriented to the value of certainty, with regard to such aspects as the interpretation and enforcement of norms, the relationships between actors, their expectations towards the legal system. The legalistic way of thinking is non probabilistic, non causal and non scientific (when judged by the standard of post-positivist empirical science). Another feature of a legalistic approach is often that norms are seen as specifi…
The sidelining of gender equality in a corporatist and knowledge-oriented regime : The case of failed family leave reform in Finland
2020
Reform of the family leave system has been on the Finnish political agenda for a long time but has proved to be a challenging task. The challenges relate to ideological differences between the political parties and to non-decision making in tripartite working groups, where the labour market parties participate in policy formulation. The article analyses the recent attempt to reform the Finnish family leave system under a right-conservative government (2015–2019) as an example of how diverging political ideologies and vested interests undermine adoption of government gender equality policy. The case also serves as an example of the growing influence of knowledge, and especially economic know…
Determinants of health policy impact: comparative results of a European policymaker study.
2003
This article will use a new theoretical framework for the analysis of health policy impact introduced by Rütten et al. (2003). In particular, it will report on a comparative European study of policymakers' perception and evaluation of specific determinants of the policy impact, both in terms of output (implemented measures) and outcome (health behaviour change). Policy determinants investigated are goals, resources, obligations and opportunities as related to the policymaking process.Theory is applied to a comparative analysis of prevention and health promotion policy in Belgium, Finland, Germany. The Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland. The study is MED2-part of a project that has developed…
Le politiche della sinistra e il diritto
2008
Nella trattazione le “politiche della sinistra” considerate sono intese come quelle proposte e scelte che, nel periodo considerato, dai partiti di sinistra, quindi soprattutto Pci e Psi (anziché come politiche pacificamente e, per così dire, “ontologicamente” di sinistra). “Politiche della sinistra”, appunto. Il par. 2 si sofferma (sempre in relazione agli anni settanta dello scorso secolo) sui rapporti tra la sinistra italiana e la sinistra della restante parte dell’Europa occidentale. Il par. 3 tratta i processi decisionali nel sistema legislativo italiano che caratterizzavo quella fase e sui loro risultati. Il par. 4 considera alcuni esempi di legislazione degli anni settanta, tra cui qu…