Search results for "Political Science"
showing 10 items of 7570 documents
Understanding the crowdfunding phenomenon and its implications for sustainability
2019
Abstract Nonetheless the large body of knowledge rapidly accumulated on crowdfunding as well as the growing relevance of this phenomenon for sustainability, there are very few studies on the role of crowdfunding for sustainability-oriented projects, and many related issues are still far from being fully understood. This signalises a clear need for unveiling the main dynamics of the relationship between crowdfunding and sustainability, and also opening up useful directions for future research on this relationship. To conceptualize the implications of crowdfunding for sustainability, we propose and use a framework, encompassing five dimensions, namely the project creator, the backers, the cam…
The Southern African Development Community (SADC): An Analytical Overview of Its History, Policies and Institutional Framework
2017
This chapter gives fundamental background information about the history and development of regionalism in Southern Africa and about the current state of the SADC as a modern regional integration organisation. In terms of an analytical overview, Muntschick reflects briefly on the formation, character and objectives of the region’s old regionalisms such as the Southern African Customs Union (SACU), the Frontline States (FLS) and particularly the Southern African Development Co-ordination Conference (SADCC) as predecessors of the SADC. Also, this chapter turns to the new regionalism and provides detailed information on the SADC as an organisation, its member states, key agenda and central poli…
Gender and Work-Life Balance: a Contest Analysis on Nursey Schools in Palermo
2018
This paper reflects on the gender inequalities and their influence in the access to labor market and, on the other one, to reproductive process. Maternity and work often arise as choices excluding one another due for the inadequacy of care services. The essay reviews some laws of the last years for encourage the work-life balance and analyzes the presence of the services for children in Palermo. The “case study” of the municipality of Palermo shows a general lack of services and a progressive reduction of public nurseries and kindergarten, despite the economic investments of the last decades at institutional level. It points out how many obstacles persist that discourage female participatio…
Presumption of Innocence and Deterrence
2018
This paper deals with the presumption of innocence and the law enforcer's incentives to exert investigative effort. Our main result is that, even if the presumption of guilt maximizes deterrence for a given effort by the law enforcer, divergent objectives between the law enforcer (who maximizes the probability of a conviction weighted by the magnitude of the sanction and the type of the citizen) and the public decision-maker (who minimizes social costs) may lead the latter to prefer the presumption of innocence. Indeed, the presumption of innocence may induce the law enforcer to increase investigative efforts thereby improving deterrence. As a consequence, if the law enforcer's effort is re…
La riunificazione familiare dello straniero nei trattati sui diritti umani
2010
Family reunification contributes to the integration of aliens in the countries of destination and the development of their personality as well, but it entails the increase in the demand for social facilities. As a consequence States tend to reduce the opportunities for family reunification. The study analyses the activity of the organs of control set up by the international conventions on human rights and aims at identifying the obligations on States’ sovereignty stemming from the rules of these conventions protecting family life or disciplining family reunification. In assessing the lawfulness of States’ rules on family reunification or decisions on individual cases these organs verify whe…
La construcción de los límites a la libertad de expresión en las redes sociales
2016
La generalización de las comunicaciones electrónicas, junto a otras muchas transformaciones, ha facilitado enormemente tanto la comunicación interpersonal como la participación en el debate público a cualquier ciudadano. Como resultado, el pluralismo se ha visto indudablemente enriquecido, así como las posibilidades de recibir información y ser miembro activo de la comunidad política. Otras consecuencias de esta transformación, sin embargo, presentan algunas aristas. Así, esta ampliación del espacio público ha limitado también los espacios de estricta privacidad, incluyendo aquellos ámbitos donde históricamente la expresión de todo tipo de ideas y opiniones quedaban en la intimidad, que cad…
The European Courts and the Security Council: Between "Dédoublement Fonctionnel" and Balancing of Values
2009
The recent case law of various international tribunals facing questions related to UN Security Council resolutions shows the clear tendency to grant primacy to the UN legal order. This trend, far from being well founded on formal arguments, appears to be a tribute to a legal order perceived as superior, and, at the same time, is revealing of the ‘value oriented’ approach followed by the courts. Such an approach can be categorized from a theoretical perspective in the light of Scelle's theory of relations between legal orders, whereby the courts implement in their respective legal orders values stemming from the UN legal order. Various critical remarks can be advanced in relation to this att…
The Dignity in Free Speech: Civility Norms in Post-Terror Societies
2016
ABSTRACTIt is difficult to strike a balance between protecting freedom of speech and ensuring public safety. The attacks on 22 July 2011 in Norway, and the fear of terrorist acts inspired by public utterances on the Internet, have caused many to question whether and how we should regulate hate speech. In this article, we analyse the main arguments from the debate on freedom of speech in post-terror Norway, termed the ‘liberal’ and ‘harm’ (or ‘balance of harms’) arguments respectively. We propose a set of civility norms that may serve to uphold the wide freedom of speech advocated by the liberal argument, while being attentive to the real ethical challenges emphasised by the harm argument.
Security in Niamey : an anthropological perspective on policing and an act of terrorism in Niger
2012
ABSTRACTThe abduction of two Frenchmen in January 2011 in Niamey's supposedly most secure neighbourhood has led many to question the functioning of the city's security apparatus. This paper analyses Niamey's security landscape, initially from an historical and then from a spatial perspective. It argues that for a comprehensive analysis of security, we must first decentre our perspective on security construction, and thus take informal non-organised modes of policing just as seriously as policing by state and vigilante organisations; and second, take into account the inseparability of sociality and security, a fragile balance of trust and acceptable risk. In conclusion I argue that this focu…
La jurisprudencia existente acerca de la indumentaria del trabajador y otros elementos que afectan a su aspecto e imagen externa durante el trabajo
2021
Partiendo de la doctrina del “equilibrio de derechos” del Tribunal Constitucional sobre la solución de los conflictos de concurrencia entre derechos constitucionales, se analiza la jurisprudencia de los principales Tribunales acerca del conflicto entre la libertad de empresa y el derecho a la propia imagen del trabajador en relación la indumentaria de éste en el trabajo.