Search results for "Politics"

The Development of Finland’s Higher Education System After the Second World War – Towards a Welfare State

2019

Finland lost the war against the Soviet Union but won the peace after the Second World War. The defeat forced Finnish society to change. Higher education played a crucial role in these processes, resulting in a Nordic Welfare State in the 1980s. The author gives an overview of the major political changes in Finland between the 1940s and the 2010s.

Refugee Crisis in the European Union

2021

This chapter outlines the myriad push and pull factors that led to the refugee crisis, describes the scale of the migration, and discusses how the European Union (EU) nations and the EU as a whole responded to the crisis. Four push factors are described: the change in migration policy in Macedonia that opened up the Balkan route to the EU, the war in Syria, political and economic instability in sub-Saharan Africa, and climate change. The primary pull factors are economic opportunities and political and religious freedoms. The discussion of the scale of the migration and how each nation responded provides in-depth discussion of how individual EU nations responded to the refugee crisis.

A Fascism That Came to Stay? On Spanish Falange’s Political Culture

2019

Sanz offers a synthetic analysis on the development of the fascist political culture in Spain, as part of the renewed recent Spanish historiography and the integration of the history of that country in its European context. To that end, he explores its cultural roots in the renewed nationalism developed since the turn of the century and its ideological and political construction in the assault on the Second Republic’s democracy. Likewise, it shows the development of the political culture of Falange, fully fascist based on an ultranationalistic, regenerationist, “revolutionary” and “traditional” synthesis, in dialectic with the cultures of the reactionary nationalism and the Catholic right. …

Making sides and taking sides: an analysis of salient images and category constructions for pro- and anti-Gulf War respondents

1998

This paper reports supportive evidence for a modified self-categorisation model of mass social influence, whereby category definitions are determined rhetorically and the character of collective action is shaped through category arguments. The study was conducted shortly after the Gulf War and was concerned with the respective constructions of pro- and anti-war respondents. Respondents were first asked to recall the images of the war which had most impact on them. They were then shown 29 images of the war and asked to rate the impact of each one as well as explain why they had given such impact ratings. Finally, they were asked to select the five images which had most impact on them. The re…

“Doing-ethnicity” – Tamil educational organizations as socio-cultural and political actors

2015

The article focuses on Tamil schools abroad that are part of the Tamil Education Development Council (TEDC), and on their construction of ethno-national belongings. By presenting the TEDC geographical, contextual and organizational structures, the article explains how education organizations form a transnational space where the organizations reinforce and recreate ethno-national orientations and belongings, which in turn reconstructs the Tamil diaspora itself through processes of standardization and homogenization.

Zasada subsydiarności w organizacji i funkcjonowaniu samorządu terytorialnego w III Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej

2016

The principle of subsidiarity in organisation and functioningof the local government in the Third Republic of PolandThis article aims to show the impact of subsidiarity on the shape and functioning of self-government at the local level after the political transformation in the Republic of Poland. The analysis covers the main determinants of implementation of the principle of subsidiarity — from the territorial ones, determining the place of local government in the organizational structure of the State, those relating to the distribution of power public tasks and competence to perform them between the central government and the local government degree of autonomy and between local government…

Warfare in Livonia at the beginning of the 18th century in relations of English ambassador Philippe Plantamour from Berlin

2019

An important element in current historical research is the analysis of diplomatic relations focusing on the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth. They show the history of the Polish-Lithuanian state, its internal and foreign policy from a different historical perspective. In 1700, the Great Northern War broke out and changed the political power system in Central and Eastern Europe for the next decades. Diplomats from foreign courts were interested in this war, including Philippe Plantamour, secretary of the British embassy in Berlin. He sent his reports to the British Isles in which he posted information on warfare in Livonia. The aim of the article will be to analyze diplomatic reports that can h…

Erratum to: State and Politics in Religious Peacebuilding

2017

“Lack of interest in politics”: a result of non-democratic experiences or of the non-existence of the Kantian republican state in the 21st century?

2019

This essay examines the appearance of distrust, disinterest and aversion to politics and political participation in today’s democracies by taking the Kantian concept of a republican state into account. The goal is to find out reasons for the lack of interest in politics by investigating certain aspects in today’s democracies that might be not in compliance with the Kantian understanding of republicanism. The essay will start with an examination of the republican state and why it is mostly referred to as being much as the parliamentary democracy we know today. Then, these results will be compared with modern democracies (USA, Switzerland and Germany) in order to find the underlying reasons f…

Carol I of Romania - a lord/king who reigned and ruled. The formula of the dualist parliamentary regime transplanted in 1866

2019

In this paper, we intend to clarify the theoretical practices supposed by the political regime transplanted by the Romanian political elite in the constitutional moment of 1866, from the Belgian Constitution of 1831. From the perspective of such an approach, we shall observe that the fundamental law of 1866 did not design a Domn (Lord)/King placed under the dictum ‘the monarch reigns, but he does not rule’, but an active head of state, constitutionally endowed with strong levers of power. Considering the Constituent’s desire to give a reply to the authoritarian regime of A. I. Cuza, the recognized constitutional powers of the head of state, on the one hand, and the further developed politic…