Search results for "Polity"
showing 10 items of 577 documents
Bezpieczeństwo granic Unii Europejskiej w kontekście kryzysu migracyjnego 2015/2016
2016
The European Union is a space within which the freedom of movement of citizens, expressed through freedom to travel. work, study or live in a chosen EU country, is realized. The implementation of this freedom was a result of the abolition of Controls at internal borders of the Union. However. for a Member of the EU, the price of this freedom is the necessity to ensure national security, which makes the protection of external borders a special task. The European Union, through the Schengen Agreement, created institutions for the protection of external borders in terms of ensuring the national security of Member States, The current migration crisis is a serious verification of the effectivene…
The Senate Territorial Groups
2013
Since the adoption of the Senate Rules in 1982 alongside the traditional parliamentary Groups (where Senators are associated by ideological affinity), there exist territorial Groups that try to reflect the autonomous organization of the State. The purpose of this work is to make a concise study of these Groups, which are undoubtedly one of the effects of the expression that the Upper House is the House of territorial representation, as contained in article 69 of the Constitution.
Extraterritorial Jurisdiction in International Law
2015
Application of internal law by a state beyond its own territory is an extraordinary action in international law. It requires not only a solid justification but is also subject to many restrictions. It often comes to conflicts against this background that is why extraterritorial jurisdiction is considered as a dangerous but yet an effective instrument of foreign politics. The article not only provides a concise definitions of extraterritoriality but also points to its acceptable bases (liaisons) and restrictions. Moreover, a review of interesting, representative doctrine stances has been done. Controversies and dangers related to the discussed institution are explicitly emphasized. In contra…
Granice zewnętrzne Unii Europejskiej a bezpieczeństwo narodowe państw członkowskich w kontekście współczesnego kryzysu migracyjnego
2016
Unia Europejska jest miejscem, w którym swoboda obywateli wyrażona jest poprzez możliwość przemieszania się, podróżowania, pracy,nauki lub życia w wybranym kraju UE. Realizacja tej wolności była wynikiem zniesienia kontroli na granicach wewnętrznych Unii. Jednak dla członka UE ceną tej wolności jest konieczność zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa narodowego, co sprawia, że ochronę granic zewnętrznych postrzega się jako specjalne zadanie. Unia Europejska, za pośrednictwem układu z Schengen, tworzy instytucje w zakresie ochrony granic zewnętrznych, w zakresie zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa narodowego państw członkowskich. Obecny kryzys migracyjny jest weryfikacją skuteczności tych instytucji.
How, Why and with Whom Do Local Politicians Engage on Facebook?
2013
Part 2: Social Media and E-Participation; International audience; This article focuses on how, why and with whom local politicians engage on Facebook. Based on a literature review of the public sphere, eParticipation and research related to social media, we propose a theoretical framework that identifies thematic areas integral to understanding the nature of political participation. The explanatory potential of our ‘ENGAGE’ model (Exchange, Narcissist, Gather, Accented, General and Expense) is exemplified by conducting a qualitative case study focusing on politicians in a local municipality in southern Norway. The findings indicate various uses of Facebook among the respondents, and a disso…
Paradojas de la historia, paradojas de la historiografía. Las peripecias del fascismo español
2001
The author argues here the importance of avoiding the paradigm of backwardness in analyzing the evolution and vicissitudes of Spanish fascism. Like in other European countries, the fin-de-siècle cultural crisis saw the emergence of a new nationalist political culture, which would deeply influence Spanish fascism in the future. After the failure of the fascist movement during the Second Republic, explicable fundamentally in political terms, there followed its conversion into a mass party during the Civil War and its immediate subordination to the State, to which it nonetheless represented a fundamental support. Franco’s regime, as a fascistic —not fascist— dictatorship, may be seen as a pecu…
Dysfunctionalities of Faulty Fiscal Inspections for Tax Payers: The Case of Detachment for Work Reasons
2014
Abstract This article does not merely suggest a short comparison between two completely opposed opinions, that of the fiscal inspectors and that of the specialists (accountants, accounting experts, fiscal consultants) that are hired and/or are contract-bounded staff of a commercial entity, regarding the fiscal status of detachment (an aspect that is regulated by internal and international normative acts). It intends, therefore, to be an analysis on the danger of dysfunctionalities of a fiscal inspection on the activity of the tax payers (or simply put the abridged interpretation of the legislation, in order to attract large amounts of money to the state budget by any means), in order to per…
Operational Programmes - Tools to Combat Economic Crisis
2013
Abstract This paper aims to present the state of implementation of operational programs 2007-2013 co-financed with structural instruments, to determine the level of absorption of these funds and the achievement of the strategic objectives set by European and national documents. The purpose of this analysis is to identify weaknesses and strengths that Romania has in this area and how it is likely to increase the success of absorption rate of EU funds. All these aspects are very important, as structural funds are considered an important tool in combating the effects of the financial crisis on the Romanian economy.
State Budget Constrains for 2013
2013
Abstract The state budget for 2013 is characterized by major constraints generated by the date of payment for the loans committed in the previous period, the high level of the payment arrears from the budget to the real economy, the insurance of the money amount required for the operational programs co-financing and by the acceptance of a lower budget deficit than in 2012, with negative consequences for the economic growth and that doesn’t ensure premises for reducing development gaps between Romania and other EU countries. Decreasing the economy financing by excessive budget deficit reduction is completed this year by the banks financing lines, which is still a handicap for financing the r…
Social Movements, Voluntary Associations and Cycles of Protest in Finland 1905-91
1992
During the 20th century five cycles of protest have emerged in Finland: 1905-18, 1928-32, 1944-48, 1966-76, and the continuing cycle of new social movements beginning around the end of the 1970s. This article begins with an examination of the differences and similarities in the formation of these cycles against the background of antecedent political opportunity structures. The question of the relationship between social protest movements and formal voluntary associations is then addressed. It is shown that social movements and formal voluntary associations have been interactive, mutually reinforcing ways of reacting to different manifestations of social crisis. Existing formal associations …