Search results for "Polity"
showing 10 items of 577 documents
HCV eradication: a duty of the State, an option for the individual
2020
In recent years, the debate on ethical issues related to hepatitis C virus therapies has been focused on the problem of drug prices and access to therapies. Nonetheless, the goal of hepatitis C virus eradication set by the World Health Organization in 2016 is raising new ethical issues, since governments are faced with a new challenge: reaching through screening, diagnosis and treatment a large amount of subjects with undiagnosed hepatitis C infection. National governments, especially high-income countries with a Welfare State, are compelled to provide access to therapies, but also to involve those who are still unaware of their disease status. Since people cannot be forced but should be gu…
The Suicidal State between “the Wish to Die” and “an Urge to Die”
2015
Abstract From the standpoint of existential analysis, the present article compares the psycho-dynamics of the suicidal states examined hereby, where the first case is diagnosed as a “Major depressive episode. Borderline personality disorder” and the second case as “Severe major depressive episode, with psychotic elements”. In the first case, the suicidal state was based on the association between the second motivation (“to enjoy life”) and the third motivation (“to be myself”), and the suicidal act was a “false” one. In the second case, the suicidal state resulted from the second motivation (“to enjoy life”) and the first motivation (“being able to be”), and it was a “real” suicidal act.
Los orígenes de los estudios sobre la salud pública en la España renacentista
2006
José María López Piñero (Jose.M.Lopez-Pinero@uv.es) Se sintetizan muy brevemente los resultados de las investigaciones históricas que el autor inició hace más de cuatro décadas sobre los orígenes de los estudios en torno a la salud pública en la España renacentista. Sucesivamente se considera la función desempeñada por el poder real, desde la perspectiva de los orígenes del Estado moderno, la influencia del ambientalismo hipocrático, el mantenimiento para privilegiados de la higiene a nivel individual, los inicios de la higiene colectiva en relación con las epidemias de peste y las aportaciones sobre la asistencia médica condicionadas por el cambio de valores acerca de la pobreza.
Towards enhancing research on adolescent positive mental health
2019
The positive mental health and well-being perspective represents innovative public health research of first-rank priority in Europe. Good mental health is both a state and a resource for everyday life. Hence, the concept often refers to a subjective feeling (hedonic component) as well as positive functioning (eudaimonic component). Different conceptualisations of mental health-related issues are a background to this paper, which gives a brief overview of three research issues in the Nordic countries. First, the development in the occurrences of adolescent mental health-related indicators such as life satisfaction, health, sleep, and school pressure. Second, review of Nordic methodological s…
A paradigm shift: from disease to health orientation
2006
The history of science has been described as 'paradigm shifts' of sequential overthrow, each new paradigm replacing the previous one. A paradigm is an overarching view-point which guides the articulation of theories and other activities in a particular field. In the exploration of health, two different types of approach can be identified. The pathogenic view, which has dominated the orientation of medicine over the last hundred years, focuses on disease states and underlying factors that modify the chances of entering into one of those states. The competing salutogenic view appears to be undergoing a renaissance in the new strategies of public health and health promotion, and producing theo…
Meritocratic Justification in Rulemaking and its Criticism Based on the Example of American Regulatory Agencies
2020
Mertytokracja, w zamyśle autora tego pojęcia Michaela Younga, oznaczała powierzenie spra-wowania władzy nad określonymi obszarami życia społecznego osobom posiadającym odpowiednie do tego umiejętności. Skutkiem implementacji założeń merytokratycznych miało być stworzenie systemu, gdzie kluczową rolę w zarządzaniu życiem społecznym pełnić mieli eksperci. Postulat ten odnosił się także do tworzenia regulacji wybranych dziedzin życia społecznego, co powinno zostać powierzone wyspecjalizowanym, profesjonalnym podmiotom. Autor omawia znaczenie i rolę uzasadnienia merytokratycznego dla prawodawstwa na przykładzie amerykańskich agencji regulacyjnych. Uzasadnienie to ma dwojakie znaczenie: 1) jako …
Metateoretyczne uwagi do koncepcji polityczności Chantal Mouffe w kontekście jej ideologicznych uwikłań
2017
The article contains the thesis that in political science theories a scientific, ideological and philosophical components are so fused that it is impossible to separate them completely. For this reason, the ideological content not only does not undermine the cognitive value of theoretical argument, but even contributes to it — if the relevant criteria are metI think, that the metatheoretical optics is the most appropriate approach to analyse these criteria. It allows not only to describe given theory, but also enables more problematic deconstruction of its conditions and cognitive status. In this article the analysis of this type is presented on the example of Chantal Mouffe’s agonistic co…
Ideologiczne i polityczne aspekty klasycznego westernu na przykładzie "Winchester`73" oraz "Gwiazda szeryfa" Antony`ego Manna
2016
The article presents political analysis of two classic westerns directed by Anthony Mann - "Winchester 73" and "Tin Star". The author took up three problems. Firstly, westerns are treated as political myths functioning in the collective consciousness by which communities can handle universal political problems (e.g. relations between individuaI and society; fundamental conditions of public order). Secondly, the contextual analysis of both films has been conducted. Despite many similarities between the movies (the same genre, the same creative concept, the same narrative scheme), both of them differ ideologically. "Winchester'73" (1950)expresses the conservative message while "Tin Star" the …
Mniejszości narodowe w systemie politycznym Ukrainy
2020
The main purpose of the article is to present the evolution of legal regulations regarding national minorities in Ukraine, the structure of these minorities and the dynamics of demographic change. The authors analyzed the geographical distribution as well as the political, cultural and educational activity of the most numerous national minorities. They presented the main reasons for the increase or decrease in the size of the largest national groups. The political and legal foundations of minority activities, the specifi city of the organization of their educational institutions, national-cultural associations and ethnic parties were analyzed. Particular attention was paid to the problemati…
Mniejszość niemiecka w polityce lokalnej regionu pogranicza na Opolszczyźnie
2016
W niniejszym artykule mniejszość niemiecka, a właściwie działalność Towarzystwa Społeczno-Kulturalnego Niemców na Śląsku Opolskim została przedstawiona jako modelowa. Organizacja, choć partią polityczną nie jest, działa jak organizacja tego typu. Od początku jej działalności, wraz ze zmieniającymi się warunkami, jej rola ulegała przeobrażeniom. Zawsze jednak wykazywała, obok dbałości o własne specyficzne interesy, troskę o wspólne dobro regionu i jego mieszkańców, niezależnie od pochodzenia narodowościowego. W owym regionie pogranicza przedstawiciele grupy odnoszą dość duże sukcesy w rywalizacji politycznej. Największe tam, gdzie koncentracja tożsamości i interesów jest największa – na pozi…