Search results for "Pollution"
showing 10 items of 2765 documents
Demand Response for Integrating Photovoltaic Plants in Lampedusa Island
2021
This paper presents the results of a simulation study concerning different Demand Response logics applied to Electric Storage Water Heaters on the island of Lampedusa. Electric Storage Water Heaters are the devices that are primarily used on the island to produce domestic hot water. Starting from measured load profiles collected in Lampedusa, a domestic hot water consumption profile was derived, to simulate the energy usage of the Storage Water Electric Heaters during the day. This work was carried out as a preliminary feasibility study for the BloRin project, financed by cohesion funds in the Sicilian region. According to the project, which also includes the installation of domestic photov…
Aerosol optical properties and direct radiative forcing based on measurements from the China Aerosol Remote Sensing Network (CARSNET) in eastern China
2018
Aerosol pollution in eastern China is an unfortunate consequence of the region's rapid economic and industrial growth. Here, sun photometer measurements from seven sites in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) from 2011 to 2015 were used to characterize the climatology of aerosol microphysical and optical properties, calculate direct aerosol radiative forcing (DARF) and classify the aerosols based on size and absorption. Bimodal size distributions were found throughout the year, but larger volumes and effective radii of fine-mode particles occurred in June and September due to hygroscopic growth and/or cloud processing. Increases in the fine-mode particles in June and September caused AOD440 nm &…
Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Drive Powered by Fuel Cell for Automotive Applications
2020
Electric vehicles represent an optimal solution for the reduction of pollution in urban areas. In particular, the Fuel Cell (FC) technology is a promising solution especially for its charging times and zero CO2 direct emissions. The paper addresses the design and performance study of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (IPMSM) drive powered by fuel cell for automotive applications. The IPMSM drive is powered by the use of 5,5 kW FC unit and it is composed of two DC-DC power converters and one inverter. In detail, a test bench has been carried out for the evaluation of the performances of each IPMSM drive conversion stage. Moreover, in order to simulate automotive working condit…
Biomass-based composite catalysts for catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of bisphenol A : preparation and characterization studies
2019
Abstract The wet granulation process was used to prepare new, efficient, and cost-effective granular biomass-based composite catalysts for catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of bisphenol A (BPA). The most stable composite granules was prepared by mixing biomass-based carbon residue (CR) with metakaolin (MK) combined with calcium oxide (CaO) or cement and a solvent (NaOH or KOH). For all the prepared composite granules, the optimized binding agents to carbon ratio was 0.3, the solvent to carbon ratio 1.2, and the agitation rate 1200 rpm. The specific surface area of the prepared catalysts was 152–205 m2/g. The composite granular catalyst (CR + MK + CaO + NaOH) had the most durable and s…
CFD simulation of a membrane distillation module channel
2009
The interest towards the use of membrane distillation (MD) processes for seawater desalination has been rising recently due to the ease of coupling MD with waste and/or solar thermal energy. Notwithstanding the flexibility of the process and its potential for further developments in membrane performances, one of the main drawbacks is the thermal efficiency reduction caused by temperature polarization. Because of such phenomenon, only a small amount of the driving force potentially available for the separation process, i.e. the temperature difference between evaporating and condensing fluids, is actually used for the separation. In order to reduce temperature polarization a study on the effe…
A new approach to analysis of relationships between 137Cs activity concentrations in forest soil horizons
2013
The measurements results of 137Cs activity concentrations in forest soil profiles are discussed. In studies some simplifications were considered. First of them concerns disregarding of soil subtype in data analysis. However initially this parameter was considered in data analysis, it was finally ignored. The second assumption drops information about specific soil horizon. Description of 137Cs accumulation is based on relationships between its relative activity concentrations in soil layers. The model formulation was based on the results of exploratory data analysis of the relative 137Cs activity concentrations. In studies the methods designed for compositional data analysis were used. The r…
Criteria for validity of thermodynamic equations from non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations
2008
Abstract The assumption of local equilibrium is validated in four different systems where heat and mass are transported. Mass fluxes up to 13 kmol / m 2 s and temperature gradients up to 10 12 K / m were used. A two-component mixture, two vapor–liquid interfaces, a chemical reaction in a temperature gradient and gas adsorbed in zeolite were studied using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. In all cases, we verified that thermodynamic variables obeyed normal thermodynamic relations, with an accuracy better than 5%. The heat and mass fluxes, and the reaction rate were linearly related to the driving forces. Onsager's reciprocal relations were validated for two systems. Equipartiti…
Structure and performance properties of environmentally-friendly biocomposites based on poly(ɛ-caprolactone) modified with copper slag and shale dril…
2018
The potential application of two types of industrial wastes, drill cuttings (DC) and copper slag (CS), as silica-rich modifiers of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) was investigated. Chemical structure and physical properties of DC and CS fillers were characterized using X-ray diffractometer, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, particle size and density measurements. PCL/DC and PCL/CS composites with a variable content of filler (5 to 50 parts by weight) were prepared by melt compounding in an internal mixer. It was observed that lower particle size of DC filler enhanced processing of biocomposites comparing to CS filler. Smaller particles of DC filler and thus the higher specific surface area, enabl…
Nanocrystalline ZnCO3—A novel sorbent for low-temperature removal of H2S
2013
Abstract The reactivity of a nanocrystalline ZnCO 3 toward H 2 S (0.2 vol% in N 2 /H 2 mixture) at 140–180 °C was characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis and by breakthrough curves measurements. We have found that under used conditions transformation of ZnCO 3 into ZnS is complete and the rate determining step of the sulfidation is the surface reaction. Such behavior is in strike contrast with that of ZnO whose sulfidation is severely limited by diffusion. The higher reactivity of ZnCO 3 in comparison with ZnO is attributed to the different microstructure of ZnS layer formed in these materials after a partial sulfidation. As in ZnO–ZnS transformation the molar volume increases (from 1…
A multi-analytical approach for the characterization of black crusts on the facade of an historical cathedral
2020
Abstract This study focuses on the characterization of black crusts collected from the Monza cathedral located in the homonymous city (N Italy), a hot spot from the point of view of the atmospheric pollution. Black crusts and substrate marble specimens were analyzed by a multi-analytical approach including X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Stereomicroscopy (SM), Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM), High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (HRSEM-EDX) and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP/MS). The characterization of the carbon fraction (organic carbon, OC, and element…