Search results for "Pollution"
showing 10 items of 2765 documents
Mining extraction in the ocean depths: a baseline to understand and reduce acoustic impact on biodiversity.
2020
[ES] A lo largo de la historia, el hombre ha explotado los recursos minerales de la tierra para su supervivencia y desarrollo tecnológico sin un equilibrio con su regeneración. Dado el crecimiento de la población mundial y la reducción de recursos, el hombre comenzó a buscar nuevos depósitos que se encontraron en la década de 1960 en las profundidades de los océanos. Con estos, la humanidad empezò a pensar en extraer los minerales de estos depósitos y esto llevò al nacimiento de Deep Sea Mining (DSM). Las consecuencias de las actividades mineras en las profundidades del mar no se conocen realmente y los efectos pueden ser diferentes: contaminación acústica, contaminación lumínica, contamina…
Influence of organic matters on the bacterial AsIII oxidation in polluted soils
2014
International audience; The global bacterial AsIII-oxidizing activity tends to decrease As toxicity in soils and its transfer toward underlying aquifers. The influence of different types of organic matters on arsenic speciation by pure strains and soils microflora was determined. Experimental results show that the presence of organic matter has a negative effect on the specific rate of AsIII oxidation by pure strains presenting different metabolisms. In parallel, experiments are performed with various soils from different types of polluted sites: former mining and industrial sites, forest and agricultural soils impacted by mining activities. The effect of yeast extract on the AsIII-oxidizin…
Projet CHIROLUM. Comment limiter les impacts écologiques de l’éclairage artificiel nocturne le long des ILTe ? Caractérisation de l’influence des par…
2021
Ce rapport expose les résultats du projet Chirolum ayant pour objectif d'identifier des pistes de réduction des impacts écologiques de l'éclairage artificiel le long des infrastructures de transport. En prenant l'exemple de sites d'études le long de lisières forestières aux Pays-Bas et le long du Canal du Midi à Toulouse, les résultats montrent que la lumière perturbe fortement l'usage de ces continuités écologiques et infrastructures de transport par les chauves-souris, engendrant des modifications dans le comportement de vol et potentiellement des coûts énergétiques supplémentaires, ainsi qu'une diminution de la connectivité fonctionnelle pour ces espèces potentiellement préjudiciables à …
Urban environment during early-life and blood pressure in young children
2021
Background: The urban environment is characterised by many exposures that may influence hypertension development from early life onwards, but there is no systematic evaluation of their impact on child blood pressure (BP). Methods: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured in 4,279 children aged 4-5 years from a multi-centre European cohort (France, Greece, Spain, and UK). Urban environment exposures were estimated during pregnancy and childhood, including air pollution, built environment, natural spaces, traffic, noise, meteorology, and socioeconomic deprivation index. Single- and multiple-exposure linear regression models and a cluster analysis were carried out. Results: In multi…
Response of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to Herbicides: Negative Relationship Between Toxicity and Water Solubility Across Several Herbicide Families
2002
International audience
Alachlor and Bentazone Losses from Subsurface Drainage of Two Soils
2004
International audience; Atrazine (6-chloro-N2-ethyl-N4-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) is frequently detected at high concentrations in ground water. Bentazone [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] plus alachlor (2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-methoxymethylacetanilide) is a potential herbicide combination used as a substitute for atrazine. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the environmental risk of this blend. Drainage water contamination by bentazone and alachlor was assessed in silty clay (Vertic Eutrochrept) and silt loam (Aquic Hapludalf) soils under the same management and climatic conditions. Drainage volumes and concentrations of alachlor and bent…
Laboratory leaching studies of oryzalin and diuron through three undisturbed vineyard soil columns
2004
Article de revue (Article scientifique dans une revue à comité de lecture); International audience; The leaching of diuron and oryzalin through undisturbed soil columns was studied in the laboratory using three vineyard soils from Vosne-Romanée (Burgundy): a rendosol, a calcosol and a vegetated calcosol. After 845 mm of simulated rainfall in 15 days, soil leachates contained higher amounts of diuron (3.2%, 11.8% and 18.8% of applied diuron, respectively) than oryzalin (0.2%, 4.9%, 3.7%, respectively). A greater proportion of soil extractable residues was obtained for diuron (42.5%, 26.8% and 32.2%, respectively) than for oryzalin (14.7%, 12% and 15.5%, respectively). The greater mobility of…
Degradation of 2,4‐D, 2,4‐Dichlorophenol, and 4‐Chlorophenol in Soil after Sorption on Humified and Nonhumified Organic Matter
1999
Soil organic matter (SOM) primarily governs sorption processes and therefore affects the availability of organic chemicals to degrading microorganisms. Transformations of 14 C-ring-labeled 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP); and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) sorbed on organic materials with increasing degrees of humification (wood, fresh straw, composted straw, ligain, and humic acid) and on a reference mineral sorbent (Al-oxide) were studied during soil incubation experiments. Chemicals previously sorbed on the different sorbents were applied to the soil. Mineralization kinetics, analysis of water and methanol extracts and measurements of the nonextractable radioa…
Leaching of oryzalin and diuron through undisturbed vineyard soil columns under outdoor conditions
2006
12 pages; International audience; Field studies monitoring herbicide pollution in the vineyards of Burgundy (France) have revealed that drinking water reservoirs are contaminated with several pre-emergence herbicides. An assessment of the leaching of two such herbicides, diuron and oryzalin, was therefore performed using lysimeters, under outdoor conditions, from May 2001 to May 2002. Four vineyard soils from Vosne-Roman?(Burgundy) were chosen along a topolithosequence: a rendosol and three calcosols. After 673 mm of rainfall, greater amounts of diuron than oryzalin were measured in percolates: respectively 0.10-0.84% and 0.02-0.43% of applied herbicide, depending on soils. Measurements for…
Leaching of glyphosate and AMPA under two soil management practices in Burgundy vineyards (Vosne-Romanée, 21-France)
2005
Some drinking water reservoirs under the vineyards of Burgundy are contaminated with herbicides. Thus the effectiveness of alternative soil management practices, such as grass cover, for reducing the leaching of glyphosate and its metabolite, AMPA, through soils was studied. The leaching of both molecules was studied in structured soil columns under outdoor conditions for 1 year. The soil was managed under two vineyard soil practices: a chemically treated bare calcosol, and a vegetated calcosol. After 680 mm of rainfall, the vegetated calcosol leachates contained lower amounts of glyphosate and AMPA (0.02% and 0.03%, respectively) than the bare calcosol leachates (0.06% and 0.15%, respectiv…