Search results for "Polyethylene"
showing 10 items of 809 documents
On the effectiveness of different additives and concentrations on the re-building of the molecular structure of degraded polyethylene
2006
Mechanical recycling is an easy and economic way to re-use plastic waste as secondary materials, but, in general, their properties are worse with respect to the reclaimed materials and the virgin polymer. The aim of this work was to study the effect of concentration and reaction kinetics of two additives, an ethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate (Lotader) and a hydroxylamine derivative (CGX), in the re-building of a degraded polyethylene. CGX is a nitroxyl radical generator able to form branching in polyolefins while the epoxy groups of Lotader can react with the functional groups present in the recycled polyethylene. The results indicate that the CGX has a higher reaction rate than Lotader, pr…
An investigation of the compatibilization of blends of polyethylene and a semirigid liquid crystalline polymer
1996
The mechanical properties of blends with liquid crystalline polymers are in general poor and lower than those expected on the basis of additivity rule because of the strong incompatibility between the flexible and rigid components. Compatibilization is then necessary to enhance the adhesion between the two phases and then to improve the final properties of these blends. The addition of maleic anhydride functionalized polymers could give rise to some compatibilization because of possible reactions between the maleic anhydride group and the end groups of the liquid crystalline polymers. These reactions do not seem to occur in blends of polyethylene and a semirigid liquid crystalline polymer. …
Transition metal complexes of tetradentate and bidentate Schiff bases as catalysts for ethylene polymerization: Effect of transition metal and cocata…
2009
This article compares catalytic performance of ethylene polymerization in similar polymerization conditions of transition metal complexes having two ligands [O,N] (phenoxy-imine) and having one tetradentate ligand [O,N,N,O] (salphen or salen). It is shown that the activity of both complex types as well as the product properties depend in the same way on the type of central metal in the complex and on the cocatalyst used. Although the type of ligand has some effect on the catalyst activity, yet it does not control the properties of the obtained products. The vanadium and zirconium complexes, irrespective of the cocatalyst used, yield linear polyethylene with high molecular weight (a few hund…
Vanadium complex with tetradentate [O,N,N,O] ligand supported on magnesium type carrier for ethylene homopolymerization and copolymerization
2010
Immobilization of 1,2‐cyclohexylenebis(5‐chlorosalicylideneiminato)vanadium dichloride on the magnesium support obtained in the reaction of MgCl2·3.4EtOH with Et2AlCl gives a highly active precursor for ethylene homopolymerization and its copolymerization with 1‐octene. This catalyst exhibits the highest activity in conjunction with MAO, but it is also highly active with AlMe3 as a cocatalyst. On the other hand, when combined with chlorinated alkylaluminum compounds, Et2AlCl and EtAlCl2, it gives traces of polyethylene. Moreover, its catalytic activity is strongly affected by the reaction temperature: it increased with rising polymerization temperature from 20 °C to 60 °C. The kinetic curve…
On the Preparation and the Characterization of Polyethylene/Polyamide Blends by Melt Processing in the Presence of an Ethylene(co)acrylic Acid Copoly…
2006
Samples of HDPE and PA6 have been meltprocessed in the presence of two new phosphazene compounds, CP-2EPOX and CP-2OXA together with an ethylene/ acrylic acid copolymer. The blends have been prepared in an industrial twin-screw extruder by using PA6 and PE in weight ratios of 25/75 and 75/25. When used, 5 phr of EAA and 0.2 phr of CP have been added. The materials have been completely characterized from a rheological, morphological, and mechanical point of view. The results indicate that the additives used caused an increase in the rupture tensile properties, of the impact strength and viscosity especially in the PE-rich blend in the presence of CP-2EPOX. This result can be attributed both …
Effect of sample preparation on gel permeation chromatography results of determination of molecular weight of polyethylene obtained with using of zir…
2003
Molecular weights of polyethylene (PE) obtained with using of zirconocene catalyst activated with large excess of methylaluminoxane (MAO) were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) method. It was found that repeatability of the measurements is strongly influenced by MAO remained in PE samples as well as time of sample keeping in the apparatus (dissolution + measurement time) at temp. 142 °C. A method of MAO removing from PE samples, before GPC measurement, based on additional washing of the sample with HF in methanol solution has been proposed. This modification leads to better both authenticity and repeatability of the results. Studies on the influence of time of sample keeping…
Effect of immobilization of titanocene catalyst in aralkyl imidazolium chloroaluminate media on performance of biphasic ethylene polymerization and p…
2012
1-(2-Phenylethyl)-3-methylimidazolium and 1-benzyl-3-methylimidazolium chloroaluminates, [Ph-C2mim][AlCl4] and [Bzlmim][AlCl4], were applied as media of the Cp2TiCl2 catalyst for biphasic ethylene polymerization. The studied aralkyl ionic liquids ensure greater stability of the catalyst at higher temperatures and more regular morphology of the produced polyethylene than analogous 1-n-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloroaluminates. The alkylaluminium compound participates in the termination reaction of the polymer chain. The catalyst is stable and enables recycling of the ionic liquid phase in the consecutive polymerization reactions. The [Ph-C2mim][AlCl4] ionic liquid and AlEt2Cl alkylaluminium…
Weathering of low-density polyethylene grafted with itaconic acid in laboratory tests
2011
Polyethylene grafted with itaconic acid was subjected to weathering under laboratory accelerated conditions. The course of the photo-oxidative degradation process of that material was studied by FTIR spectroscopy both through quantitative measurements of changes in absorbance values at selected wave numbers and through measurements of surface area values for absorption bands which were separated by means of deconvolution. The use of both those procedures of quantitative determinations resulted in a general conclusion that the oxidation process was initiated from the very first moment of irradiation, and it produced ketones, acids, esters (intramolecular and of acetate type), peracids, peres…
Influence of accelerated ageing conditions on the process of polyolefines degradation
2003
The process of polymers weathering and the methods of polymers weathering and accelerated ageing investigations were characterized. Accelerated ageing tests of polyethylene and polypropylene samples have been done in laboratory conditions. The ageing time (up to 400 h) influence, at various levels of ageing factors: UV radiation intensity (80—190 W/m2), temperature (35—55 °C) and humidity (30—90%), on the changes of the structures of polymers investigated (shares of carbonyl and olefinic groups from FT-IR spectra — Fig. 1, 2, 4 and 5), on the changes of polymers molecular weights (Fig. 3 and 6, Table 1) and on the changes of mechanical properties during tension (Table 1) has been investigat…
Analysis of a GC/MS Thermal Desorption System with Simultaneous Sniffing for Determination of Off-Odor Compounds and VOCs in Fumes Formed during Extr…
2001
A thermal desorption equipment introducing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the gas chromatographic/ mass spectrometric system (GC/MS) with simultaneous sniffing (SNIFF) is a suitable method for identifying the volatile organic off-odor compounds formed during the extrusion coating process of low-density polyethylene. Fumes emitted during the extrusion coating process of three different plastic materials were collected at two different temperatures (285 and 315 degrees C) from an outgoing pipe and near an extruder. The VOCs of fumes were analyzed by drawing a known volume of air through the adsorbent tube filled with a solid adsorbent (Tenax GR). The air samples were analyzed by using…