Search results for "Population"

The wild boar (Sus scrofa, Linnaeus, 1758) as an important reservoir host for Alaria alata in the Baltic region and potential risk of infection in hu…

2020

Abstract Alaria alata trematode is widely distributed throughout Europe and has a complex life cycle in which wild boar serve as a reservoir host. The primary aims of the present study are to establish the occurrence of A. alata mesocercariae in naturally infected wild boar in Latvia and to assess the risk for humans to acquire A. alata infection via consumption of wild boar meat. By summarizing long-term data using the Trichinella inspection method from 2014 to 2019, the overall A. alata prevalence was 8.3%, of which significantly higher A. alata prevalence was observed during the summer seasons. Additionally, 43.9% (n = 485) of wild boar were found to be infected with A. alata using Alari…

Very highly prevalent Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus infection of wild boar Sus scrofa in Khuzestan province, south-western Iran

2006

Abstract An epidemiological and pathological study of Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus infection in a total of 50 wild boars Sus scrofa attila from cane sugar fields of Iranian Khuzestan was performed. The total prevalence of 64.0 % detected is the highest hitherto known by this acanthocephalan species in wild boars and may reflect a very high contamination of the farm lands studied as the consequence of the crowding of the wild boar population in cane sugar fields. Observations prove that this species is a wild boar gut wall perforating acanthocephalan. High burdens may become so pathogenic for the host individual as to be responsible for its elimination from the population. Thus, this aca…

Tooth size discrepancy in a Libyan population, a cross-sectional study in schoolchildren

2014

Objetives: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the tooth size discrepancy (TSD) in a group of Libyan schoolchildren, and to compare TSD between sexes. Material and Methods: The sample comprised 333 Libyan schoolchildren (162 males with a mean (SD) age of 14.4 (1.1) years, and 171 females with a mean age of 14.1 (1.1) years). Anterior and overall TSD ratios were computed using descriptive statistics. Sex differences were statistically assessed using an independent t-test ( P 0.05). The percentages of participants showing more than 2 SD variation for the anterior and overall ratios comprised 3% and 4.2% of the total sample, respectively. Conclusions: The anterior and over…

Groin and Testicle

2015

Ultrasound examination is the modality of choice for imaging most of the conditions of the groin and scrotal area in the pediatric population. Along with the more commonly known benefits of ultrasound as a fast, less expensive, noninvasive examination without radiation, readily available and reproducible, sonography of the groin and scrotum demonstrates high levels of specificity, sensitivity, and overall diagnostic accuracy. Ultrasound provides excellent anatomic detail and serves as an important and tremendously helpful imaging modality in all types of pediatric scrotal pathology.

Does Arsenic Contamination Affect DNA Methylation Patterns in a Wild Bird Population? : An Experimental Approach

2021

Pollutants, such as toxic metals, negatively influence organismal health and performance, even leading to population collapses. Studies in model organisms have shown that epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, can be modulated by various environmental factors, including pollutants, influencing gene expression, and various organismal traits. Yet experimental data on the effects of pollution on DNA methylation from wild animal populations are largely lacking. We here experimentally investigated for the first time the effects of early-life exposure to environmentally relevant levels of a key pollutant, arsenic (As), on genome-wide DNA methylation in a wild bird population. We experimentall…

Distance decay 2.0. A global synthesis of taxonomic and functional turnover in ecological communities

2022

Caio Graco-Roza was funded by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), the Carlos Chagas Filho Research Support Foundation (FAPERJ) and the Ella and Georg Erhnrooth Foundation; Jan Altman by research grants INTER-EXCELLENCE LTAUSA19137 provided by Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, 20-05840Y of the Czech Science Foundation, and long-term research development project no. RVO 67985939 of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Otso Ovaskainen was funded by Academy of Finland (grant no. 309581), Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation, Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence Funding Scheme (223257), and the European Research Council (ERC) unde…

No uniform associations between parasite prevalence and environmental nutrients

2014

The resource quality of the host has been shown to affect parasite transmission success, prevalence, and virulence. Seasonal availability of environmental nutrients alters density and stoichiometric quality (carbon–nutrient ratios) of both producers and consumers, suggesting that nutrient availability may drive fluctuations in parasite prevalence patterns observed in nature. We examined the interactions between the population dynamics of a keystone herbivore, Daphnia, and its parasites, and their associations with water nutrient concentrations, resource quantity and quality, and other environmental variables (temperature, pH, oxygen concentration) in a small lake, using general linear model…

Epigenetic mechanisms behind phenotypic changes in different population densities in bank voles (Myodes glareolus)

2017

Metsämyyrän (Myodes glareolus) fenotyyppisten muutosten epigeneettiset mekanismit eri populaatiotiheyksissä. Epigeneettisilla mekanismeilla on perustava rooli normaalissa geeniekspression aktiivisuudessa ja ne voidaan nähdä molekulaaristen prosessien systeeminä, joka reagoi ympäristötekijöihin ja säätelee geenisäätelyä muuttamatta alkuperäistä DNA-sekvenssiä. DNA-metylaatio on eniten tutkittu epigeneettinen mekanismi jolla on tärkeä rooli geenien säätelyssä normaalin solujen kehityksen aikana. Metylaatio ilmenee tyypillisesti CpG-dinukleotideissa, joissa metyyliryhmä kiinnittyy 5’-sytosiiniin (C) jota seuraava emäs on guaniini (G). Tämä voi estää näihin CpG-paikkoihin liittyvien geenien ilm…

Genetic diversity in the wild : cyclic population dynamics and population isolation

2013

A century of trends in adult human height

2016

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