Search results for "Pore"

Analysis of the Transcriptome of the Red Seaweed Grateloupia imbricata with Emphasis on Reproductive Potential

2018

Grateloupia imbricata is an intertidal marine seaweed and candidate model organism for both industry and academic research, owing to its ability to produce raw materials such as carrageenan. Here we report on the transcriptome of G. imbricata with the aim of providing new insights into the metabolic pathways and other functional pathways related to the reproduction of Grateloupia species. Next-generation sequencing was carried out with subsequent de novo assembly and annotation using state-of-the-art bioinformatic protocols. The results show the presence of transcripts required for the uptake of glycerol, which is a specific carbon source for in vitro culture of G. imbricata and nucleotide …

Protoparvovirus Knocking at the Nuclear Door

2017

Protoparvoviruses target the nucleus due to their dependence on the cellular reproduction machinery during the replication and expression of their single-stranded DNA genome. In recent years, our understanding of the multistep process of the capsid nuclear import has improved, and led to the discovery of unique viral nuclear entry strategies. Preceded by endosomal transport, endosomal escape and microtubule-mediated movement to the vicinity of the nuclear envelope, the protoparvoviruses interact with the nuclear pore complexes. The capsids are transported actively across the nuclear pore complexes using nuclear import receptors. The nuclear import is sometimes accompanied by structural chan…

Nuclear Pore Complex Acetylation Regulates mRNA Export and Cell Cycle Commitment in Budding Yeast

2021

AbstractNuclear pore complexes (NPCs) mediate communication between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and regulate gene expression by interacting with transcription and mRNA export factors. Lysine acetyl-transferases (KATs) promote transcription through acetylation of chromatin-associated proteins. We find that Esa1, the KAT subunit of the yeast NuA4 complex, also acetylates the nuclear pore basket component Nup60 to promote mRNA export. Acetylation of Nup60 recruits to the nuclear basket the mRNA export factor Sac3, the scaffolding subunit of the Transcription and Export 2 (TREX-2) complex. Esa1-dependent nuclear export of mRNAs promotes entry into S phase, and is inhibited by the Hos3 deacety…

2019

Phobalysin P (PhlyP, for photobacterial lysin encoded on a plasmid) is a recently described small β-pore forming toxin of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (Pdd). This organism, belonging to the family of Vibrionaceae, is an emerging pathogen of fish and various marine animals, which occasionally causes life-threatening soft tissue infections and septicemia in humans. By using genetically modified Pdd strains, PhlyP was found to be an important virulence factor. More recently, in vitro studies with purified PhlyP elucidated some basic consequences of pore formation. Being the first bacterial small β-pore forming toxin shown to trigger calcium-influx dependent membrane repair, PhlyP ha…

Influence of temperature, copper and CO2on spore counts and geosmin production byPenicillium expansum

2012

Background and Aim: Musts and wines produced from rotten grapes often have an earthy/musty odour, with geosmin the responsible compound. Penicillium expansum is considered a potential source of geosmin in rotten grapes from vineyards treated with copper-based fungicides. Methods and Results: The laboratory study assessed the influence of temperature (10‐30°C), copper concentration (0‐76.50 mg/L) and CO 2 in the headspace (0.03‐3%) on the spore count and the production of geosmin by P. expansum according to a Doehlert design. The spore count and the production of geosmin (ng/mg biomass) were significantly correlated (r = 0.78). Copper had no significant effect on the spore count but was the …

Effectiveness of Shock Wave Therapy as a Treatment for Spasticity: A Systematic Review

2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to collect and analyse the available scientific evidence on the effectiveness of shock wave therapy as a treatment for spasticity. Methods: the search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane, Embase, and the Virtual Health Library. All publications from November 2009 to November 2019 were selected that included a sample of patients with spasticity and prior suspension of botulinum toxin, to whom shock wave therapy was applied. The methodological quality of the articles was evaluated using the Jadad scale and the pyramid of quality of scientific evidence. Results: 25 studies involving 866 participants with spasticity were se…

Stability of Asymmetric Lipid Bilayers Assessed by Molecular Dynamics Simulations

2009

The asymmetric insertion of amphiphiles into biological membranes compromises the balance between the inner and outer monolayers. As a result, area expansion of the receiving leaflet and curvature strain may lead to membrane permeation, shape changes, or membrane fusion events. We have conducted both atomistic and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers to study the effect of an asymmetric distribution of lipids between the two monolayers on membrane stability. Highly asymmetric lipid bilayers were found to be surprisingly stable within the submicrosecond time span of the simulations. Even the limiting case of a monolayer immersed in …

Modeling mass transfer in fracture flows with the time domain-random walk method

2019

The time domain-random walk method was developed further for simulating mass transfer in fracture flows together with matrix diffusion in surrounding porous media. Specifically, a time domain-random walk scheme was developed for numerically approximating solutions of the advection-diffusion equation when the diffusion coefficient exhibits significant spatial variation or even discontinuities. The proposed scheme relies on second-order accurate, central-difference approximations of the advective and diffusive fluxes. The scheme was verified by comparing simulated results against analytical solutions in flow configurations involving a rectangular channel connected on one side with a porous ma…

One-dimensional compression and consolidation of shales

2016

This paper presents a comprehensive methodology for analysing the compression and consolidation behaviour of shales. An apparatus was designed to perform oedometric high-pressure tests by applying a maximum vertical total stress of 100 MPa and simultaneously controlling the pore water pressure of the specimen. An analytical method was formulated to analyse the shale consolidation behaviour, which allows information to be gathered on the coefficient of consolidation, stiffness, poroelastic properties, secondary compression and permeability of the tested material as a function of the applied stress conditions. Results obtained on Opalinus Clay shale using the developed methodology are present…

Chromosome-scale assembly of the yellow mealworm genome

2022

Background: The yellow mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, is a promising alternative protein source for animal and human nutrition and its farming involves relatively low environmental costs. For these reasons, its industrial scale production started this century. However, to optimize and breed sustainable new T. molitor lines, the access to its genome remains essential. Methods: By combining Oxford Nanopore and Illumina Hi-C data, we constructed a high-quality chromosome-scale assembly of T. molitor. Then, we combined RNA-seq data and available coleoptera proteomes for gene prediction with GMOVE. Results: We produced a high-quality genome with a N50 = 21.9Mb with a completeness of 99.5% an…