Search results for "Porters"
showing 10 items of 233 documents
Scaffold protein harmonin (USH1C) provides molecular links between Usher syndrome type 1 and type 2.
2005
Contains fulltext : 48386.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Usher syndrome (USH) is the most frequent cause of combined deaf-blindness in man. USH is clinically and genetically heterogeneous with at least 11 chromosomal loci assigned to the three USH types (USH1A-G, USH2A-C, USH3A). Although the different USH types exhibit almost the same phenotype in human, the identified USH genes encode for proteins which belong to very different protein classes and families. We and others recently reported that the scaffold protein harmonin (USH1C-gene product) integrates all identified USH1 molecules in a USH1-protein network. Here, we investigated the relationship between the USH2 molecules a…
Escherichia coli possesses two homologous anaerobic C4-dicarboxylate membrane transporters (DcuA and DcuB) distinct from the aerobic dicarboxylate tr…
1994
The nucleotide sequences of two Escherichia coli genes, dcuA and dcuB (formerly designated genA and genF), have been shown to encode highly homologous products, M(r) 45,751 and 47,935 (434 and 446 amino acid residues) with 36% sequence identity (63% similarity). These proteins have a high proportion (approximately 61%) of hydrophobic residues and are probably members of a new group of integral inner membrane proteins. The locations of the dcu genes, one upstream of the aspartase gene (dcuA-aspA) and the other downstream of the anaerobic fumarase gene (fumB-dcuB), suggested that they may function in the anaerobic transport of C4-dicarboxylic acids. Growth tests and transport studies with mut…
Liver and Statins: A Critical Appraisal of the Evidence.
2019
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Statins are a class of drugs whose main adverse effects are drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and myopathy. Some of these may be predictable, due to their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, while others, unfortunately, are idiosyncratic. Genetic factors may also influence patient susceptibility to DILI and myopathy in the case of statins. This review will first discuss the role of statins in cardiovascular disease treatment and prevention and the underlying mechanisms of action. Furthermore, to explore the susceptibility of statin-induced adverse events such as myopathy and hepatoto…
Transporter (TAP)- and proteasome-independent presentation of a melanoma-associated tyrosinase epitope.
2000
The melanosomal protein tyrosinase is considered as a target of specific immunotherapy against melanoma. Two tyrosinase-derived peptides are presented in association with HLA-A2.1 [Wolfel et al., Eur. J. Immunol., 24, 759-764 (1994)]. Peptide 1-9 (MLLAVLYCL) is generated from the putative signal sequence. The internal peptide 369-377 is posttranslationally converted at residue 371, and its presentation is dependent on functional TAP transporters and proteasomes [Mosse et al., J. exp. Med.187, 37-48 (1998)]. Herein, we report on the processing and transport requirements for the signal sequence-derived peptide 1-9 that were studied in parallel to those for peptide 369-377. After infection of …
Is ABA involved in tolerance responses to salinity by affecting cytoplasm ion homeostasis in rice cell lines?
2012
Abstract The ability of plant cells to maintain cytoplasm ion homeostasis under saline stress is among the main mechanisms involved in salt tolerance. To cope with excess Na + , cells extrude it from the cytoplasm, which requires expenditure of metabolic energy, provided by H + gradients generated by membrane-bound H + -pumps. ABA is well-known to be involved in physiological processes elicited or enhanced by stresses causing cell dehydration. In this work we studied the possible implication of this plant hormone in the control of salt-induced cellular mechanisms conducting to Na + extrusion from the cytoplasm. We used rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cell lines selected for their different toleranc…
Kinetic Properties of Cl−Uptake Mediated by Na+-Dependent K+-2Cl−Cotransport in Immature Rat Neocortical Neurons
2007
GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult nervous system, evokes depolarizing membrane responses in immature neurons, which are crucial for the generation of early network activity. Although it is well accepted that depolarizing GABA actions are caused by an elevated intracellular Cl−concentration ([Cl−]i), the mechanisms of Cl−accumulation in immature neurons are still a matter of debate. Using patch-clamp, microfluorimetric, immunohistochemical, and molecular biological approaches, we studied the mechanism of Cl−uptake in Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells of immature [postnatal day 0 (P0) to P3] rat neocortex. Gramicidin-perforated patch-clamp and 6-methoxy-N-ethylquinolinium-microfl…
ABC A-subclass proteins: Gatekeepers of cellular phospho- and sphingolipid transport
2007
During the past years, available evidence suggests that members of a novel family of structurally highly related multispan proteins, designated ABC A-subclass transporters, exert critical functions in the control of cellular lipid transport processes. Loss-of-function scenarios, thus far, have revealed pivotal roles of individual ABC A-transporters in specialized lipid secretory pathways of the cell including HDL biogenesis (ABCA1), lung surfactant production (ABCA3), retinal integrity (ABCA4/ABCR) and skin lipid barrier formation (ABCA12). Although the specific transporter activities of many members of this novel protein family have not yet been established in detail, available evidence in…
Tribolium castaneum immune defense genes are differentially expressed in response to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins sharing common receptor molecules …
2015
In Tribolium castaneum larvae we have demonstrated by RNA interference knockdown that the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Ba toxin receptors Cadherin-like and Sodium solute symporter proteins are also functional receptors of the less active Cry3Aa toxin. Differences in susceptibility to B. thuringiensis infection might not only rely on toxin-receptor interaction but also on host defense mechanisms. We compared the expression of the immune related genes encoding Apolipophorin-III and two antimicrobial peptides, Defensin3 and Defensin2 after B. thuringiensis challenge. All three genes were up-regulated following Cry3Ba spore-crystal intoxication whereas only Defensins gene expression was induced u…
Anomalous surface diffusion of protons on lipid membranes.
2014
AbstractThe cellular energy machinery depends on the presence and properties of protons at or in the vicinity of lipid membranes. To asses the energetics and mobility of a proton near a membrane, we simulated an excess proton near a solvated DMPC bilayer at 323 K, using a recently developed method to include the Grotthuss proton shuttling mechanism in classical molecular dynamics simulations. We obtained a proton surface affinity of −13.0 ± 0.5 kJ mol−1. The proton interacted strongly with both lipid headgroup and linker carbonyl oxygens. Furthermore, the surface diffusion of the proton was anomalous, with a subdiffusive regime over the first few nanoseconds, followed by a superdiffusive re…
BDNF regulates spontaneous correlated activity at early developmental stages by increasing synaptogenesis and expression of the K+/Cl- co-transporter…
2003
Spontaneous neural activity is a basic property of the developing brain,which regulates key developmental processes, including migration, neural differentiation and formation and refinement of connections. The mechanisms regulating spontaneous activity are not known. By using transgenic embryos that overexpress BDNF under the control of the nestin promoter, we show here that BDNF controls the emergence and robustness of spontaneous activity in embryonic hippocampal slices. Further, BDNF dramatically increases spontaneous co-active network activity, which is believed to synchronize gene expression and synaptogenesis in vast numbers of neurons. In fact, BDNF raises the spontaneous activity of…