Search results for "Positive"
showing 10 items of 1875 documents
Socioemotional Wealth and Networking in the Internationalisation of Family SMEs
2021
In internationalisation processes, international expansion exposes family SMEs to external networking and the risks such expansion entails, and perceived threats to their socioemotional wealth (SEW) might restrain their willingness to take these actions. However, very few studies measure SEW and associate it with internationalisation. Considering SEW preservation’s prominence in family SMEs and SMEs’ heavy dependence on networking during internationalisation, we hypothesise that SEW preservation has a negative association and networking has a positive association with the family SMEs’ degree of internationalisation (DOI). We reconstruct four SEW constructs that carry significance for family…
Connections of Science Capital and the Teaching and Learning of Mathematical Modelling: An Introduction
2020
This chapter is an introduction to the theoretical concept of science capital. It also serves as an introduction to the next three chapters of this book. These ensuing chapters all connect mathematical modelling education to science capital. In short, science capital is a set of resources that offer people advantages within scientific contexts. For example, a friend who works in research can be a resource to better understand the gist of science. Not all people have such friends, and the underlying sociological theory of Bourdieu explains how inequities are caused by some people having better access to science capital than others. In this chapter, we explain how the concept of science capit…
Consumption, Sociology of
2001
The sociology of consumption is as old as sociology itself. Its methodological roots lie in the first surveys, which focused on food consumption and were conducted in the middle of the nineteenth century. The aim was to define the level of minimum wage that was high enough to sustain the reproduction of the labor force. However, the prevailing, genuinely sociological approach to consumption is related strongly to the classical period of sociology, when Marx formulated his theory of commodities and commodity fetishism, when Simmel presented his theories of money, style, and fashion, and when Veblen formulated his trickle-down theory. All of these trains of thought were also present in the mi…
An Institutional Perspective on Religious Freedom and Economic Growth
2017
AbstractThe increase in religion-related conflicts around the world emphasizes the urgent need for a better understanding of the role of religion and religious freedom on socio-economic development, both theoretically and empirically. While studies on the role of religion on economic development have existed as early as Weber (1905), there is a dearth of studies on the effect of religious freedom on economic growth, and the existing studies overlook possible negative impacts on economies by unrestricted religious freedom. Drawing on institutional theory, we propose that different types of religious restrictions can exert either positive or negative effects on economic growth. We test our pr…
Stakeholder theory for the E -government context: Framing a value-oriented normative core
2018
Despite substantial investments in ICT in the public sector over the past decades, it has been hard to achieve consistent benefits. One reason for the difficulties is the gap between the expectations of key stakeholders (such as governments, businesses and citizens) and project outcomes. Though normative, descriptive and instrumental aspects of stakeholder theory have been influential in explaining stakeholder interests and relationships in the management field, e-Government researchers have rather neglected the normative core of the theory. We show how value theory can improve normative foundations in this area to provide a focused analysis of four e-Government projects. We use a multiple …
Different meanings of ´knowledge as commodity` in the context of higher education
2013
Commodification has been and still is one of the key processes within capitalist market economies. Since the 1970s, different forms of knowledge have increasingly been subjected to this process. In this paper the commodification of knowledge in the field of higher education is defined in a broad sense as an example of the intensive enlargement of capitalism. I argue that knowledge shares some features of public goods and can be subjected to commodification both as an educational product and academic research itself. However, the simple dichotomy of public vs. private good is not nuanced enough to understand the status of knowledge within higher education. How to reconstruct this dichotomy,…
Towards a theory of transnational academic capitalism
2013
This article draws attention to the relative lack of theoretically and methodologically elaborated approaches to understand and explain the complex relations between transnationalization of higher education and globalization seen especially from the point of view of global capitalism. The main aim of this article is to contribute to the construction of a theory of transnational academic capitalism (TAC). A theory of TAC argues that those networks, practices and activities that are blurring the boundaries between higher education, markets and states are increasingly becoming transnational without supposing that this transformation implies that local and national levels are insignificant in s…
Preferences for Referenda: Intrinsic or Instrumental? Evidence from a Survey Experiment
2019
The call for more direct democracy, and referenda in particular, is often heard and met with support from large numbers of citizens in many countries. This article explores the motives for supporting referenda: Do citizens support them for intrinsic reasons, because referenda allow them to exercise their democratic rights more directly? Or are preferences for referenda predominantly based on the expectation that they will produce desired policy outcomes and thus instrumentally motivated? Our survey experiment explores such instrumental preferences by assessing how substantial policy preferences affect individuals’ choice of referenda over alternative decision-making procedures. We show tha…
Social Choice in the Real World II: Cyclical Preferences and Strategic Voting in the Finnish Presidential Elections
1997
The empirical relevance of the theoretical results of social choice theory is still unclear. The most radical thesis, put forth by William Riker, is that politics is a highly unstable process, characterized by preference cycles and strategic voting. This article - a continuation of an earlier article published in this journal - examines the Finnish presidential election in 1925, 1931, 1937 and 1982. The conclusion is that preference cycle and strategic voting have had a significant impact in the discussed cases. The relevancy of the social choice approach and its relation to historical research are discussed.
Explaining corporate short-termism: self-reinforcing processes and biases among investors, the media and corporate managers
2014
Based on the related literature in economics, organizational sociology and the sociology of finance, this article constructs a novel conceptual explanation for corporate short-termism, that is, the ...