Search results for "Potassium"
showing 10 items of 930 documents
The Effects of Different Formulation of Baking Powder on Short Biscuits Characteristics
2011
Chemical leaveners are used to give cookies, cakes, and other baked goods their characteristic textures. They produce gas when a carbon dioxide source and an acid are mixed together and come into contact with water. The most common sources of gas are sodium or potassium bicarbonate alone or in combination with ammonium bicarbonate. A great variety of acids are used in baking powder formulations. The acid are classified according to their capacity to react at lower or elevated temperature as rapid or slow acting. The aim of these study is to evaluate a very rapid acting acid (tartaric acid) and a slow to very slow acting acid (sodium acid pyrophosphate - SAPP) on the characteristics of short…
Application of Potassium Ion Impregnated Titanium Dioxide as Nanocatalyst for Transesterification of Linseed Oil
2018
The current work comprises the investigation of biodiesel production from linseed oil using TiO2 and a potassium L-tartrate monobasic (C4H5KO6)-modified TiO2 nanocatalyst. Different amounts of C4H5KO6 were considered for TiO2 modification. The nanocatalyst TiO2–0.5C4H5KO6 (1:0.5 molar ratio) showed the best conversion rate for biodiesel production. The nanocatalyst was characterized by FTIR, XRD, TEM, BET, and XPS, and the Hammett indicator–benzenecarboxylic acid titration method was used for basicity measurement. The biodiesel was characterized by GC-MS and 1H and 13C NMR. Furthermore, the optimum reaction parameters for transesterification reaction were analyzed, and the yield was determi…
CCDC 883545: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
2012
Related Article: J.Vallejo, J.Cano, I.Castro, M.Julve, F.Lloret, O.Fabelo, L.Canadillas-Delgado, E.Pardo|2012|Chem.Commun.|48|7726|doi:10.1039/c2cc33674j
Short-term effects of potassium fertilization on the hydraulic conductance of Laurus nobilis L.
2011
This study reports experimental evidence on the effect of short term potassium fertilization on potassium uptake, tissue concentration and hydraulic conductance of pot-grown laurel plants. Potassium uptake and loading into the xylem of laurel seedlings increased within 24 h from fertilization. Potassium was not accumulated in roots and leaves, but the [K+] of xylem sap was 80% higher in fertilized plants (+K) than in potassium starved plants (-K), likely as a result of recirculation between xylem and phloem. This increase in xylem sap [K+] resulted in a 45% increase in transpiration rate, a 30% increase in plant hydraulic conductance (Kplant) and a 120% increase in leaf specific conductivit…
Isobaric Vapor−Liquid Equilibria for Water + Acetic Acid + Potassium Acetate
2004
Isobaric vapor−liquid equilibria for water + acetic acid + potassium acetate at different salt concentrations as well as for solvent + potassium acetate binary mixtures have been obtained at 100 kPa. Potassium acetate is more effective in the salting-out effect (on water) than lithium and sodium acetates. The eNRTL-CT model, which is a combination of electrolyte nonrandom two-liquid and chemical theory models, has been used to fit the experimental data. The binary parameters of the model have been obtained from the experimental binary vapor−liquid equilibria which have been used to suitably reproduce the vapor−liquid equilibria (VLE) for water + acetic acid + potassium acetate ternary syste…
Effects of magnesium chloride on the contractile response of uterus to several agonists in Ca-free solution
1987
Abstract The effects of MgCl2 on the oestrogen-dominated rat uterus have been examined. Tissues were preincubated in a Ca2+- and Mg2+-free medium containing 3 mM EDTA. Most experiments were subsequently performed in a similar medium containing either no EDTA or EDTA (1 mM). When MgCl2 was added cumulatively (1–32 mM) no contractile responses were obtained in Ca,Mg-free medium or in Ca,Mg-free high K+ solution. When 2 mM CaCl2 as added, a sustained contraction was obtained. Subsequent addition of cumulative concentrations of MgCl2 caused concentration-dependent relaxation. Oxytocin, 2 μM, produced a small and sustained contraction in a Ca,Mg-free medium. Addition of MgCl2, 2 mM, increased th…
Charge radii of exotic potassium isotopes challenge nuclear theory and the magic character of N = 32
2020
Nuclear charge radii are sensitive probes of different aspects of the nucleon-nucleon interaction and the bulk properties of nuclear matter; thus, they provide a stringent test and challenge for nuclear theory. The calcium region has been of particular interest, as experimental evidence has suggested a new magic number at $N = 32$ [1-3], while the unexpectedly large increases in the charge radii [4,5] open new questions about the evolution of nuclear size in neutron-rich systems. By combining the collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy method with $\beta$-decay detection, we were able to extend the charge radii measurement of potassium ($Z =19$) isotopes up to the exotic $^{52}$K ($t_{1…
Sustainable Biomass-Derived Carbon Electrodes for Potassium and Aluminum Batteries: Conceptualizing the Key Parameters for Improved Performance
2023
The development of sustainable, safe, low-cost, high energy and density power-density energy storage devices is most needed to electrify our modern needs to reach a carbon-neutral society by ~2050. Batteries are the backbones of future sustainable energy sources for both stationary off-grid and mobile plug-in electric vehicle applications. Biomass-derived carbon materials are extensively researched as efficient and sustainable electrode/anode candidates for lithium/sodium-ion chemistries due to their well-developed tailored textures (closed pores and defects) and large microcrystalline interlayer spacing and therefore opens-up their potential applications in sustainable potassium and alumin…
Monovalent cation conductance in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing hCAT-3
2005
hCAT-3 (human cationic amino acid transporter type three) was investigated with both the two-electrode voltage clamp method and tracer experiments. Oocytes expressing hCAT-3 displayed less negative membrane potentials and larger voltage-dependent currents than native or water-injected oocytes did. Ion substitution experiments in hCAT-3-expressing oocytes revealed a large conductance for Na + and K + . In the presence of l-Arg, voltage-dependent inward and outward currents were observed. At symmetrical (inside/outside) concentrations of l-Arg, the conductance of the transporter increased monoexponentially with the l-Arg concentrations; the calculated Vmax and KM values amounted to 8.3 AS and…
The Effect of Dopants on Sintering and Microstructure of Lead-free KNN Ceramics
2011
Lead-free potassium sodium niobate (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 (KNN) has been prepared via conventional ceramic processing method. The influence of 0.5 wt% - 1.5 wt% MnO2 and WO3 addition on the sintering, crystallographic structure, microstructure and dielectric properties of KNN has been investigated. Optimal sintering temperatures of KNN ceramics were observed to be in the narrow interval: 1090 °C - 1110 °C for MnO2 doped KNN; 1150 °C - 1170 °C for pure KNN and doped with WO3. XRD patterns showed that all the samples have single perovskite structure with monoclinic structure. Microstructure of ceramics was changed greatly by using dopants.http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.17.1.251