Search results for "Potential"

Two routes to actorhood: Lexicalized potency to act and identification of the actor role

2015

The inference of causality is a crucial cognitive ability and language processing is no exception: recent research suggests that, across different languages, the human language comprehension system attempts to identify the primary causer of the state of affairs described (the “actor”) quickly and unambiguously (Bornkessel-Schlesewsky and Schlesewsky, 2009). This identification can take place verb-independently based on certain prominence cues (e.g., case, word order, animacy). Here, we present two experiments demonstrating that actor potential is also encoded at the level of individual nouns (a king is a better actor than a beggar). Experiment 1 collected ratings for 180 German nouns on 12 …

The scope and limits of implicit visual change detection

2014

Theoretical evaluation of structures and energetics involved in the hydrogenation of hydrocarbons on palladium surfaces

2001

Abstract Quantum mechanical calculations were employed to deepen information about the basic properties of the mechanism occurring in the palladium catalytic hydrogenation involving surface hydrogen species of unsaturated hydrocarbons. Activation energy values of elementary events implicated in the whole reaction were computed by potential energy surface analyses, to determine the corresponding occurrence probabilities of the same events. Different surface hydrogen species were pointed out and their relevance in the overall surface process was discussed together with their geometrical and chemical characteristics.

An electrochemical impedance and ac-electrogravimetry study of PNR films in aqueous salt media

2002

Electrochemical impedance spectra and ac-eletrogravimetry of poly(neutral red) films are studied in different aqueous media. The dependence of these experimental data on the nature of alkaline cation and monovalent anion present in the solution and on the pH is analysed. During the electrochemical processes, it is observed that all three species—the salt cation, the salt anion and the hydronium ion—participate to balance the electrical charge within the film. It is also possible to conclude that the participation of anions takes place faster than hydronium ions participation. Besides, the relative participation of these species is related to the pH of the solution. Keywords: Poly (neutral r…

Simulation and theory of fluid demixing and interfacial tension of mixtures of colloids and nonideal polymers.

2005

An extension of the Asakura-Oosawa-Vrij model of hard sphere colloids and non-adsorbing polymers, that takes polymer non-ideality into account through a repulsive stepfunction pair potential between polymers, is studied with grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations and density functional theory. Simulation results validate previous theoretical findings for the shift of the bulk fluid demixing binodal upon increasing strength of polymer-polymer repulsion, promoting the tendency to mix. For increasing strength of the polymer-polymer repulsion, simulation and theory consistently predict the interfacial tension of the free colloidal liquid-gas interface to decrease significantly for fixed colloi…

Brain Nucleotides and Excitatory Processes

1971

The trivial analogy in the structure of barbiturates and pyrimidines has suggested a series of studies, which were undertaken in our Laboratory since 1961 (Bonavita et al., 1960 to investigate on the role of some free nucleotides in cerebral activity.

Biocompatible polymeric micelles with polysorbate 80 for use in brain targeting.

2008

In this paper, the synthesis and characterization of novel amphiphilic graft copolymers based on an alpha,beta-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-D, L-aspartamide (PHEA) backbone and D, L-polylactic acid (PLA) hydrophobic side chains are reported. These copolymers were obtained starting from PHEA-ethylenediamine (PHEA-EDA), which was functionalized with polysorbate 80 (PS(80)) and/or PLA in order to obtain the PHEA-EDA-PS(80)-PLA and PHEA-EDA-PLA samples, respectively. The degrees of derivatization, DD(PS80) and DD(PLA), of PHEA-EDA-PS80-PLA, calculated by (1)H-NMR, resulted in being 1.2 +/- 0.03 mol% and 0.54 +/- 0.05 mol%, respectively, while that of PHEA-EDA-PLA was found to be 0.60 +/- 0.05 mol%. S…

Effective pair potential between charged nanoparticles at high volume fractions

2017

Simulations of charged colloidal dispersions are technically challenging. One possible workaround consists in reducing the system to the colloids only, whose interactions are described through an effective pair potential, wf. Still, the determination of wf is difficult mainly because it depends on the colloidal density, ϕ. Here we propose to calculate wf from simulations of a pair of colloids placed in a cubic box with periodic boundary conditions. The variation in ϕ is mimicked by an appropriate change in the concentration of counterions neutralized by an homogeneous background charge. The method is tested at the level of the primitive model. A good description of the structure of the coll…

Salt concentration and particle density dependence of electrophoretic mobilities of spherical colloids in aqueous suspension.

2007

Using laser Doppler velocimetry in the superheterodyne mode, we conducted a systematic study of the electrophoretic mobility of dispersions of small silica spheres (a=18 nm) suspended in water at different salinities and particle concentrations. The concentration of NaCl was varied from 40 microM up to 16 mM, while the particle concentrations were varied between 4.2x10(18) and 2.1x10(20) m-3. We find a decrease of mobility with increasing salt concentrations and an increase with increased particle number densities. The latter observation is not backed by the standard cell model of electrophoresis with Shilov-Zharkikh boundary conditions. Rather, if the experimental data are interpreted with…

Counterion transport numbers of poly(acrylic acid)-grafted porous ion-exchange membranes as determined from current step measurements

1997

Abstract The effect of an electric current on the concentration polarization of the external bathing solutions and the permselectivity of poly(acrylic acid)-grafted porous ion-exchange membranes has been studied. The experimental approach is based on the transient behavior of the total electric potential drop through the membrane cell when a current step is imposed from external nonpolarizable electrodes. When this voltage drop is recorded as a function of time, a transition time characteristic of each membrane system is obtained. From this time, the counterion transport number for the salt solution (KClH2O) in the membrane can be obtained. The theoretical modeling is based on the time-dep…