Search results for "Prairie"

Anthropogenic lead distribution in soils under arable land and permanent grassland estimated by Pb isotopic compositions

2008

International audience; The role of land use on fate of metals in soils is poorly understood. In this work, we studied the incorporation of lead in two neighboring soils with comparable pedogenesis but under long-term different agricultural management. Distributions of anthropogenic Pb were assessed from concentrations and isotopic compositions determined on bulk horizon samples, systematical 5–10 cm increment samples, and on 24-h EDTA extracts. Minor amounts of anthropogenic lead were detected until 1-m depth under permanent grassland, linked to high earthworm activity. In arable land, exogenous Pb predominantly accumulated at depths <60 cm. Although the proximity between the two sites ens…

Responses of above- and below-ground fungal symbionts to cessation of mowing in subalpine grassland

2017

Abstract The cessation of mowing in subalpine grasslands promotes the dominance of Festuca paniculata leading to the reduction in plant diversity. Moreover, it affects positively the abundance of Epichloe sp. inhabiting F. paniculata leaves and negatively the soil density of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We explored how the cessation of mowing influences root AMF communities in F. paniculata and the neighboring plants, and Epichloe sp alkaloids. Thirteen AMF operational taxonomical units were found. The neighboring plants affected positively the abundances of Aalpin and GLOM_7 whereas the interaction plant/management type influenced significantly Claroide_1 , GLOM_1 and GLOM_7 . The N…

Les graphes paysagers pour la modélisation et la gestion des pullulations de campagnols terrestres.

2016

International audience; Les prairies d’Auvergne et de Franche-Comté sont régulièrement envahies par un rongeur, le campagnol terrestre. Le projet CAMPAGRAPHE vise à fournir un appui pour la mise en place d’un dispositif agro-écologique limitant sa diffusion grâce à une modélisation des réseaux de prairies.Le graphe obtenu permet de localiser des actions de terrain et orienter le suivi des populations.

Effects of mountain grassland maturity stage and grazing management on carotenoids in sward and cow's milk

2006

Carotenoids are involved in the sensorial and nutritional values of dairy products. In grazing systems, both herbage maturity stage and grazing management may affect the amount of carotenoid ingested, thus these factors may affect carotenoid concentrations in milk. Two homogenous plots of mountain grassland (1.4 and 2.0 ha) were grazed during two cycles of growth by 6 dairy cows in mid lactation, in strip (SG) and rotational grazing (RG), respectively. We monitored the changes in carotenoid concentrations in sward and milk, measured by HPLC twice a week. Seven carotenoids were identified in the sward: violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, epilutein, lutein, zeaxanthin, ß-carotene and 13-cis ß-carot…

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS ON THE FLORA OF THE PERMANENT BANQUETTES IN WESTERN SICILY

2016

The banquettes, landed clusters of dead leaves of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, represent a deposited biomass from sea to land that protects the shoreline from wind and sea erosion as well as constitutes a reserve of nutrients and organic matter for sea prairies. These wracks can become a potential biodiversity hotspot as indicated by a recent investigation on invertebrates that has shown high levels of consumption of detritus (1). This biodiversity, greater than that found in coastal areas without such accumulations, can be explained by the margin effect between the marine and the terrestrial environment. The banquette can therefore be considered an ecotone (2, 3) where communities of su…

Gestion durable des ressources naturelles en plaine céréalière : le rôle central des milieux pérennes dans les agro-écosystèmes céréaliers

2008

Les impacts du campagnol terrestre sur les systèmes fourragers : le cas de l’élevage bovin allaitant en Bourgogne

2014

EAAgroSupECOLDUR; Do vole outbreaks have the same effects on suckler beef farms in Burgundy as they do on daily farms in Auvergne and Franche-Comte? Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 19 farmers from Burgundy who had been affected by a water vole outbreak in 2011. The results indicate that, just like farmers in Auvergne and Franche-Comte, farmers in Burgundy witnessed a decrease in forage quantity and quality. Farmers used diverse measures to deal with the outbreak (e.g., avoidance strategies or the use of bromadiolone). Farmers that described water voles as pests were more likely to have used bromadiolone, while those who described water voles in morphological terms or in ter…

Effect of timing of grassland destruction on nitrogen mineralization kinetics.

2007

International audience

Gestion du pâturage au printemps en système bovin allaitant : diversité des pratiques en Saône-et-Loire

2009

National audience; Grazed grass is the cheapest forage for making meat'. In order to incite farmers to make their forage systems more self-sufficient and thrifty, the 'Chambre d'Agriculture de Saone-et-Loire' (a professional agricultural organization for that departement) has been monitoring for five years the management of spring grazing on 23 farms. The analysis of farmers' practices lead to considerations as to put to the best use the grazed grass, according to the pedo-climatic conditions and the constraints of the farms. With the aim of optimizing the pasture resources in order to limit the purchase of concentrates and to cope with the climatic hazards, the study of the management of s…

Légumineuses et prairies temporaires : des fournitures d'azote pour les rotations

2015

Intervention présentée aux Journées de l'AFPF, "La fertilité des sols dans les systèmes fourragers", les 8 et 9 avril 2015; Les atouts des légumineuses (fixation symbiotique, diversité fonctionnelle...) leur permettent de contribuer à la fertilité des sols, à l'amélioration de la durabilité de l'agriculture et de l'autonomie protéique des systèmes alimentaires. Il convient donc de mieux connaître leurs rôles, directs et indirects, dans les flux d'azote des rotations.Les légumineuses fourragères (en culture pure ou dans des couverts multispécifiques) représentent une grande part des apports azotés symbiotiques. Il existe une grande diversité d'implication des légumineuses dans les rotations.…