Search results for "PreP"

Fast Regulation of Cytochrome P450 Activities by Phosphorylation and Consequences for Drug Metabolism and Toxicity

2002

In contrast to the well-known regulation of cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity by enzyme induction, which represents a process with slow onset and slow offset, more recent studies revealed phosphorylation as a fast (within observation instantaneous) and isoenzyme-selective regulation. The phosphorylated enzyme (investigated isozyme: CYP2B1) was fully inactive. The phosphorylation is mediated by PKA and hence under control of hormones and drugs that alter cellular cAMP levels. The consequences for the metabolic control of toxic species derived from drugs and environmental carcinogens are discussed. This information will help to improve therapy with drugs metabolized by CYPs which are phosphoryla…

Cell Lines: A Tool for In Vitro Drug Metabolism Studies

2008

Primary cultured hepatocytes are a valuable in vitro model for drug metabolism studies. However, their widespread use is greatly hindered by the scarcity of suitable human liver samples. Moreover, the well-known in vitro phenotypic instability of hepatocytes, the irregular availability of fresh human liver for cell harvesting purposes, and the high batch-to-batch functional variability of hepatocyte preparations obtained from different human liver donors, seriously complicate their use in routine testing. To overcome these limitations, different cell line models have been proposed for drug metabolism screening. Human liver-derived cell lines would be ideal models for this purpose given thei…

Marginal integrity of class V restorations: SEM versus dye penetration.

2006

To perform an in vitro investigation on the marginal integrity of different adhesives (Optibond FL, Scotchbond 1XT, Clearfil SE Bond, Adper Prompt L-Pop, S(3) Bond, iBond exp., Adper Prompt L-Pop) in combination with Tetric Ceram as well as an experimental silorane-restorative (Hermes, Hermes Bond; 3M ESPE) using SEM and dye penetration (2% methylene blue) in a comparative manner.Standardized class V-cavities (3 mm x 1.5 mm) were prepared in 70 extracted human teeth (n=10). The adhesives were applied according to manufacturers' instructions. The cavities were restored with three increments. After finishing and polishing (Sof-Lex discs) and thermocycling (5000x, 5/55 degrees C), replicas wer…

Alma Mater: 2012/ Ziema

2012

European Sero-Epidemiology Network 2: standardisation of immunoassay results for pertussis requires homogeneity in the antigenic preparations.

2008

A standardisation process, already developed during the earlier European Sero-Epidemiology Network (ESEN) project, was employed with a more robust algorithm to harmonise results of pertussis serological assays performed in 12 European and non-European countries. Initially, results from each country's own assay were compared with those obtained at the reference laboratory by means of an in-house pertussis toxin (PT)-based ELISA: seven countries used in-house or commercial PT-ELISAs; the other countries used assays based on Bordetella pertussis whole cell extracts (WCE) (three countries) or on combined PT-FHA (filamentous haemagglutinin) antigenic preparations (two countries). The WCE assays,…

Surface debris of canal walls after post space preparation in endodontically treated teeth: A scanning electron microscopic study

2004

Abstract Purpose To evaluate surface cleanliness of root canal walls along post space after endodontic treatment using 2 different irrigant regimens, obturation techniques, and post space preparation for adhesive bonding. Study design Forty teeth, divided into 4 groups, were instrumented, using Ni-Ti rotary files, irrigated with NaOCl or NaOCl + EDTA and obturated with cold lateral condensation (CLC) or warm vertical condensation (WVC) of gutta-percha. After post space preparation, etching, and washing procedure, canal walls were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Amount of debris, smear layer, sealer/gutta-percha remnants, and visibility of open tubules were rated. Result…

First results from the PROBA/CHRIS hyperspectral/multiangular satellite system over land and water targets

2005

The Project for On-Board Autonomy (PROBA) platform developed by the European Space Agency was launched on October 22, 2001. The instrument payload includes the Compact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (CHRIS). The coupled system provides high spatial resolution hyperspectral/multi-angular data, which represents a new-generation source of information for Earth observation purposes. The first results obtained from the preprocessing (noise removal and geometric/atmospheric correction) of two different datasets, collected over agricultural crops and inland waters, are presented in this letter. In situ measurements are used to assess the quality of the data and to validate the processing alg…

Metropolitan wastewater analysis for COVID-19 epidemiological surveillance

2020

The COVID-19 disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a rapidly emerging pandemic which has enforced extreme containment measures worldwide. In the absence of a vaccine or efficient treatment, cost-effective epidemiological surveillance strategies are urgently needed. Here, we have used RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection in a series of longitudinal metropolitan wastewaters samples collected from February to April 2020, during the earliest stages of the epidemic in the Region of Valencia, Spain. We were able to consistently detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in samples taken in late February, when communicated cases in that region were only incipient. We also find…

Pharmaceutical promotion and guided-prescription in low- and middle-income countries: A need for new regulations.

2020

On the Internationalization of Corporate Boards

2013

This study investigates the internationalization of corporate boards, using a sample of 346 non-financial listed Nordic firms during 2001–2008. Given a high level of international activity, these firms have surprisingly few foreign directors. The picture of international expertise changes considerably, however, if we also count the international experience of national directors. The percentage of foreign directors is related primarily to financial internationalization rather than foreign sales, and thus presumably to the monitoring rather than advisory functions. The international experience of the nationals covaries with foreign sales, and increases with the share of foreign directors. Thu…